(2011). doi:10.1007/s10600-011-0007-1. The plant has been found to be effective in reducing different types of stress including psychological, chemical and traumatic. Int. doi:10.1080/19390211.2018.1470126, Barar, F. S., Sharma, V. N. (1965). Ethanolic extract of the entire plant exerted a negative inotropic action on amphibian and mammalian myocardium. Accessibility Anxiolytic activity of, Sharma K, Arora V, Rana AC, Bhatnagar M. Anxiolytic effect of, Sharma K, Bhatnagar M, Kulkarni SK. Medhya rasayanas in brain function and disease. Available at http://globalresearchonline.net/journalcontents/v23-2/36.pdf, Nam, H., Kim, M. M. (2015). The site is secure. One such example is Convolvulus prostratus Forssk.
2 (11), 7783. doi:10.1093/carcin/22.3.409, Zingue, S., Foyet, H. S., Djiogue, S., Ezo'o Ezo'o, Y., Abassou, H. H. N., Fachagbo, P., et al. Moreover, the CP powder and juice, such as, Jain Shankhpushpi Powder and Axiom Jeevan Ras Shankhpushpi Juice, are also being used as skin mask for rejuvenating the skin and managing skin problems such as acne, blemishes and sun spots (Hindu, 2012). It strengthens the heart muscles and prevents lipid build up in the blood vessels. Compd. Biomed. doi:10.1038/3218, Mali, P. C. (1995). The aqueous extract of the roots of C. prostratus inhibited the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) within the cortex and hippocampus of male Wistar rats, that have been intoxicated with scopolamine. Appl. Foundation Project: Supported by Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, U.P, India (Grant No. It is best suggested for enhancing learning abilities and stimulating intelligent quotient in children, while it is also valuable in preventing dementia and memory loss in older people. Hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAS): Structure, biological properties and health effects, in Advances in Medicine and Biology. 2018, 5751864. doi:10.1155/2018/5751864, Keywords: Convolvulus prostratus, Shankhpushpi, natural product, Ayurveda, neuroprotective, nootropic, Citation: Balkrishna A, Thakur P and Varshney A (2020) Phytochemical Profile, Pharmacological Attributes and Medicinal Properties of Convolvulus prostratus A Cognitive Enhancer Herb for the Management of Neurodegenerative Etiologies. Open Neurol. C. prostratus belongs to Convolvulaceae family and is ubiquitous in the north-western regions of India (Nisar etal., 2012). J. Exp. (2001). This formulation is mainly used for the management of insomnia, drug addiction and hypertension (Bhutya, 2011). Pathol. 8, 1114.
Most of the neurodegenerative disorders are progressive in nature, and the cycle of etiological events usually have an early-onset which might get unnoticed or under-detected. Boil 1 teaspoon of shankhpushpi powder with a cup of water. The most common disorders of the nervous system are schizophrenia (~ 40% prevalence in India) and epilepsy (~ 45% prevalence in India), which are clinically presented by dysfunction of the interneurons, misbalancing neuronal homeostasis, ultimately leading to neurophysiological disintegration (Gururaj etal., 2005). The ensuing sections will provide an ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological update of this cognitive booster herb, C. prostratus (CP). Clin. Intake of a decoction of a spoonful of shankhpushpi powder with a glass of water on a daily basis can do wonders in boosting your memory. Sci. Nootropic, anxiolytic and CNS-depressant studies on different plant sources of shankhpushpi. Rev. Control. the Pitta (fire and air), Vata (air) and Kapha (earth and water) doshas and works more on Vata and Pitta doshas. Your moods, emotions and true feelings. Pharm. Evid. Technol. National Library of Medicine Chemical composition, antioxidant potential, macromolecule damage and neuroprotective activity of Convolvulus pluricaulis. Eur. doi: 10.4172/2161-0444.1000309, Rizk, A. M., Williamson, E. M., Evans, F. J. B., et al. Convolvulus prostratus Forssk., a nootropic herb used in traditional medicinal systems, is also frequently known by its taxonomic synonym Convolvulus pluricaulis. In addition, detailed mechanistic studies are yet to be executed to unravel the underlying mechanism of action for this cognition enhancing herb. The present review discusses the plant profile, pharmacognosy, pharmacology, phytochemistry of the herb, C. pluricauli. Copyright 2020 Balkrishna, Thakur and Varshney. It has also been observed that the ethyl acetate and methanolic extract of CP have shown appreciable results (IC50 ~ 0.07 mg/mL and 0.075 mg/mL, respectively), as observed in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. It holds high significance in improving the memory capacity, enhancing concentration, learning capabilities, and treating mental fatigue, insomnia, anxiety, depression, etc. C. prostratus (CP) contains volatile oil; fatty alcohols; flavonoids, i.e. Int. All structured data from the file namespace is available under the. This category contains only the following page. ex Spreng (C. microphyllus)[3]. Vossel, K. A., Zhang, K., Brodbeck, J., Daub, A. C., Sharma, P., Finkbeiner, S., et al. Chem.
The C. pluricaulis is an important indigenous medicine, which has a long medicinal application for liver disease, epileptic disease, microbial disease, cytotoxic and viral diseases, central nervous system (CNS) disease in Ayurvedic medicine, traditional Chinese medicine and other indigenous medical systems. The fundamental mechanism behind such evident anti-convulsing activity of CP might be the presence of coumarins and triterpenoids (Quintans Jnior etal., 2008). It shows Snigdha (oily, sticky) and Pichhil (slimy) gunas, Sheeto Virya (cold potency) and Madhura Vipaka (pungent metabolic property). (2013). The juice of fresh whole plant of C. pluricaulis possessed anti-ulcerogenic effect and is comparable to sucralfate.
Review on ethnomedicinal uses and phytopharmacology of memory boosting herb, Pawar SA, Dhuley JN, Naik SA. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Available at https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/REVIEW-OF-SANKHAHAULI-(CONVOLVULUS-PLURICAULIS-FROM-Nisar-Khan/0994b296aed35c7b9ccaa97be1505fddf55218e8. doi:10.1016/j.biomag.2013.06.005, Rawat, M. S. M., Kothiyal, P. (2011). doi: 10.2174/2210290601405010011, Gapparov, A. M., Okhunov, I. I., Aripova, S. F., Nabiev, A., Khuzhaev, V. U. Shankhpushpi oil is a herbal concoction that has numerous ingredients with powerful curative qualities. doi: 10.1126/science.1194653, Wang, S. B., Jang, J. Y., Chae, Y. H., Min, J. H., Baek, J. Y., Kim, M., et al. It pacifies Tridoshas, i.e. Res. The neuroprotective elements in the plant prevent loss of memory and relieve tension from the brain. AMPK activation reduces hepatic lipid content by increasing fat oxidation in vivo. Figure 1 (A) Neuro-mechanistic aspects of Convolvulus prostratus (CP). J.Ethnopharmacol. Based Complement. Med. (2018). Also Read: Five Common Types Of Headaches: Causes, Symptoms And Treatment. Known as Mangalyakushuma in Sanskrit which means bringer of good fortune and health, each and every part of this milky-white flowered plant is extremely beneficial for treating a host of ailments and improving the longevity of life. At a higher dose (more than 1 g/kg) animals died due to respiratory distress[36]. Int. A comprehensive review on shankhpushpi a morning glory. J. Besides, it also possesses several other therapeutic properties, such as immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and cardioprotective activities. Isolation and characterization of glycosides from Convolvulus prostratus, Ficus virens, Phoenix dactifera, Spondias mangifera and Terminalia belerica. Hindu, V. (2012). Phyto-constituents belonging to diverse chemical families, namely, coumarins, alkaloids and polyphenols (see Table 2) are responsible for such evident neuro-pharmacological profile of the CP plant (Nolte, 1999; Carter, 2014). There is no lab experiment being done in this manuscript since it is a review paper. Additionally, CP removes the formation of thrombus in the carotid artery (G). The chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts of CP have been evaluated for anti-convulsant activity against strychnine induced as well as pentylene tetrazol (PTZ) induced convulsive seizures in different animal models. Indian J. Pharmacol. doi:10.4103/0253-7613.100383. Singh, V., Pandey, R. P. (1998). Kulkarni, R., Girish, K. J., Kumar, A. Planta Med. doi:10.3736/jcim20091101, Sethiya, N. K., Trivedi, A., Patel, M. B., Mishra, S. H. (2010). The human brain book: An illustrated guide to its structure, function, and disorders (London: Penguin publishers).
It balances the brain chemicals i.e. Moreover, it has also been proposed that the anti-convulsant activity of a phyto-medicine is escalated by the presence of certain functional groups like, quinoline, quinazoline, thiazole, benzothiazines, oxadiazole, pyridine, pyrazole, imidazole, pyrimidine, phthalazine, triazine, triazoles, cyclopropane carboxylate, and oxime ether (Wei etal., 2015; Song and Deng, 2018). Available at http://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2013/vol2issue4/PartB/23.1.pdf.
Immunopharmacol. (2013). 13, 313318. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help doi:10.1007/s10600-013-0459-6. 4, 2530. Bio. In another experiments, it has been shown that the oral administration of the aqueous extract of the CP roots (150 mg/Kg) to scopolamine induced rats causes a marked reduction in the mRNA levels of tau protein (Bihaqi etal., 2012). 1, 388395. Similarly, a polyherbal formulation (Trans-01) containing C. prostratus (30%), Valeriana wallichii (45%), Plumbago zeylanica (7.5%), Boswellia serrata (15%) and Acorus calamus (3.5%) also exhibited similar anti-depressant properties as tested by employing the forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming stress (FSS)-induced alterations in serum corticosterone levels. This plant is reported to be a prominent memory improving drug, a psychostimulant and tranquilize, and reduce mental tension. Schematic representations of C. prostratus (CP) target and mode of action in neural system. Shankhpushpi of the Ayurvedic pharmacopeia of India consists of the whole plant of Convulvulus pluricaulis Choisy (Convolvulaceae) syn (C. pluricaulis) and Convulvulus microphyllus Sieb. Shankhpushpi characterizes Tikta Rasa (bitter taste). Other compounds such as proteins, gum and mucilages have been also reported in C. pluricaulis. Bhowmik D, Kumar KPS, Paswan S, Srivatava S, Yadav A, Dutta A. Chem.
Its branches are spread on the ground and can be more than 30 cm long. The result was found due to augmentation of mucosal defensive factors like mucin secretion rather than acid pepsin. It stimulates the secretion of digestive juices thereby increasing the absorption of essential nutrients and enhancing digestion. Regular administration of the CP root extracts (150 mg/Kg) for 3 months inhibited the decline in Na+/K+ ATPase activity and also preserved the mRNA expression levels of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 1 (M1 receptor), choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) and nerve growth factor-tyrosine kinase A receptor (NGF-TrkA) (Bihaqi etal., 2009; Kaushik, 2017).
2 (11), 7783. doi:10.1093/carcin/22.3.409, Zingue, S., Foyet, H. S., Djiogue, S., Ezo'o Ezo'o, Y., Abassou, H. H. N., Fachagbo, P., et al. Moreover, the CP powder and juice, such as, Jain Shankhpushpi Powder and Axiom Jeevan Ras Shankhpushpi Juice, are also being used as skin mask for rejuvenating the skin and managing skin problems such as acne, blemishes and sun spots (Hindu, 2012). It strengthens the heart muscles and prevents lipid build up in the blood vessels. Compd. Biomed. doi:10.1038/3218, Mali, P. C. (1995). The aqueous extract of the roots of C. prostratus inhibited the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) within the cortex and hippocampus of male Wistar rats, that have been intoxicated with scopolamine. Appl. Foundation Project: Supported by Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, U.P, India (Grant No. It is best suggested for enhancing learning abilities and stimulating intelligent quotient in children, while it is also valuable in preventing dementia and memory loss in older people. Hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAS): Structure, biological properties and health effects, in Advances in Medicine and Biology. 2018, 5751864. doi:10.1155/2018/5751864, Keywords: Convolvulus prostratus, Shankhpushpi, natural product, Ayurveda, neuroprotective, nootropic, Citation: Balkrishna A, Thakur P and Varshney A (2020) Phytochemical Profile, Pharmacological Attributes and Medicinal Properties of Convolvulus prostratus A Cognitive Enhancer Herb for the Management of Neurodegenerative Etiologies. Open Neurol. C. prostratus belongs to Convolvulaceae family and is ubiquitous in the north-western regions of India (Nisar etal., 2012). J. Exp. (2001). This formulation is mainly used for the management of insomnia, drug addiction and hypertension (Bhutya, 2011). Pathol. 8, 1114.
Most of the neurodegenerative disorders are progressive in nature, and the cycle of etiological events usually have an early-onset which might get unnoticed or under-detected. Boil 1 teaspoon of shankhpushpi powder with a cup of water. The most common disorders of the nervous system are schizophrenia (~ 40% prevalence in India) and epilepsy (~ 45% prevalence in India), which are clinically presented by dysfunction of the interneurons, misbalancing neuronal homeostasis, ultimately leading to neurophysiological disintegration (Gururaj etal., 2005). The ensuing sections will provide an ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological update of this cognitive booster herb, C. prostratus (CP). Clin. Intake of a decoction of a spoonful of shankhpushpi powder with a glass of water on a daily basis can do wonders in boosting your memory. Sci. Nootropic, anxiolytic and CNS-depressant studies on different plant sources of shankhpushpi. Rev. Control. the Pitta (fire and air), Vata (air) and Kapha (earth and water) doshas and works more on Vata and Pitta doshas. Your moods, emotions and true feelings. Pharm. Evid. Technol. National Library of Medicine Chemical composition, antioxidant potential, macromolecule damage and neuroprotective activity of Convolvulus pluricaulis. Eur. doi: 10.4172/2161-0444.1000309, Rizk, A. M., Williamson, E. M., Evans, F. J. B., et al. Convolvulus prostratus Forssk., a nootropic herb used in traditional medicinal systems, is also frequently known by its taxonomic synonym Convolvulus pluricaulis. In addition, detailed mechanistic studies are yet to be executed to unravel the underlying mechanism of action for this cognition enhancing herb. The present review discusses the plant profile, pharmacognosy, pharmacology, phytochemistry of the herb, C. pluricauli. Copyright 2020 Balkrishna, Thakur and Varshney. It has also been observed that the ethyl acetate and methanolic extract of CP have shown appreciable results (IC50 ~ 0.07 mg/mL and 0.075 mg/mL, respectively), as observed in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. It holds high significance in improving the memory capacity, enhancing concentration, learning capabilities, and treating mental fatigue, insomnia, anxiety, depression, etc. C. prostratus (CP) contains volatile oil; fatty alcohols; flavonoids, i.e. Int. All structured data from the file namespace is available under the. This category contains only the following page. ex Spreng (C. microphyllus)[3]. Vossel, K. A., Zhang, K., Brodbeck, J., Daub, A. C., Sharma, P., Finkbeiner, S., et al. Chem.
The C. pluricaulis is an important indigenous medicine, which has a long medicinal application for liver disease, epileptic disease, microbial disease, cytotoxic and viral diseases, central nervous system (CNS) disease in Ayurvedic medicine, traditional Chinese medicine and other indigenous medical systems. The fundamental mechanism behind such evident anti-convulsing activity of CP might be the presence of coumarins and triterpenoids (Quintans Jnior etal., 2008). It shows Snigdha (oily, sticky) and Pichhil (slimy) gunas, Sheeto Virya (cold potency) and Madhura Vipaka (pungent metabolic property). (2013). The juice of fresh whole plant of C. pluricaulis possessed anti-ulcerogenic effect and is comparable to sucralfate.
Review on ethnomedicinal uses and phytopharmacology of memory boosting herb, Pawar SA, Dhuley JN, Naik SA. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Available at https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/REVIEW-OF-SANKHAHAULI-(CONVOLVULUS-PLURICAULIS-FROM-Nisar-Khan/0994b296aed35c7b9ccaa97be1505fddf55218e8. doi:10.1016/j.biomag.2013.06.005, Rawat, M. S. M., Kothiyal, P. (2011). doi: 10.2174/2210290601405010011, Gapparov, A. M., Okhunov, I. I., Aripova, S. F., Nabiev, A., Khuzhaev, V. U. Shankhpushpi oil is a herbal concoction that has numerous ingredients with powerful curative qualities. doi: 10.1126/science.1194653, Wang, S. B., Jang, J. Y., Chae, Y. H., Min, J. H., Baek, J. Y., Kim, M., et al. It pacifies Tridoshas, i.e. Res. The neuroprotective elements in the plant prevent loss of memory and relieve tension from the brain. AMPK activation reduces hepatic lipid content by increasing fat oxidation in vivo. Figure 1 (A) Neuro-mechanistic aspects of Convolvulus prostratus (CP). J.Ethnopharmacol. Based Complement. Med. (2018). Also Read: Five Common Types Of Headaches: Causes, Symptoms And Treatment. Known as Mangalyakushuma in Sanskrit which means bringer of good fortune and health, each and every part of this milky-white flowered plant is extremely beneficial for treating a host of ailments and improving the longevity of life. At a higher dose (more than 1 g/kg) animals died due to respiratory distress[36]. Int. A comprehensive review on shankhpushpi a morning glory. J. Besides, it also possesses several other therapeutic properties, such as immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and cardioprotective activities. Isolation and characterization of glycosides from Convolvulus prostratus, Ficus virens, Phoenix dactifera, Spondias mangifera and Terminalia belerica. Hindu, V. (2012). Phyto-constituents belonging to diverse chemical families, namely, coumarins, alkaloids and polyphenols (see Table 2) are responsible for such evident neuro-pharmacological profile of the CP plant (Nolte, 1999; Carter, 2014). There is no lab experiment being done in this manuscript since it is a review paper. Additionally, CP removes the formation of thrombus in the carotid artery (G). The chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts of CP have been evaluated for anti-convulsant activity against strychnine induced as well as pentylene tetrazol (PTZ) induced convulsive seizures in different animal models. Indian J. Pharmacol. doi:10.4103/0253-7613.100383. Singh, V., Pandey, R. P. (1998). Kulkarni, R., Girish, K. J., Kumar, A. Planta Med. doi:10.3736/jcim20091101, Sethiya, N. K., Trivedi, A., Patel, M. B., Mishra, S. H. (2010). The human brain book: An illustrated guide to its structure, function, and disorders (London: Penguin publishers).
It balances the brain chemicals i.e. Moreover, it has also been proposed that the anti-convulsant activity of a phyto-medicine is escalated by the presence of certain functional groups like, quinoline, quinazoline, thiazole, benzothiazines, oxadiazole, pyridine, pyrazole, imidazole, pyrimidine, phthalazine, triazine, triazoles, cyclopropane carboxylate, and oxime ether (Wei etal., 2015; Song and Deng, 2018). Available at http://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2013/vol2issue4/PartB/23.1.pdf.
Immunopharmacol. (2013). 13, 313318. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help doi:10.1007/s10600-013-0459-6. 4, 2530. Bio. In another experiments, it has been shown that the oral administration of the aqueous extract of the CP roots (150 mg/Kg) to scopolamine induced rats causes a marked reduction in the mRNA levels of tau protein (Bihaqi etal., 2012). 1, 388395. Similarly, a polyherbal formulation (Trans-01) containing C. prostratus (30%), Valeriana wallichii (45%), Plumbago zeylanica (7.5%), Boswellia serrata (15%) and Acorus calamus (3.5%) also exhibited similar anti-depressant properties as tested by employing the forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming stress (FSS)-induced alterations in serum corticosterone levels. This plant is reported to be a prominent memory improving drug, a psychostimulant and tranquilize, and reduce mental tension. Schematic representations of C. prostratus (CP) target and mode of action in neural system. Shankhpushpi of the Ayurvedic pharmacopeia of India consists of the whole plant of Convulvulus pluricaulis Choisy (Convolvulaceae) syn (C. pluricaulis) and Convulvulus microphyllus Sieb. Shankhpushpi characterizes Tikta Rasa (bitter taste). Other compounds such as proteins, gum and mucilages have been also reported in C. pluricaulis. Bhowmik D, Kumar KPS, Paswan S, Srivatava S, Yadav A, Dutta A. Chem.
Its branches are spread on the ground and can be more than 30 cm long. The result was found due to augmentation of mucosal defensive factors like mucin secretion rather than acid pepsin. It stimulates the secretion of digestive juices thereby increasing the absorption of essential nutrients and enhancing digestion. Regular administration of the CP root extracts (150 mg/Kg) for 3 months inhibited the decline in Na+/K+ ATPase activity and also preserved the mRNA expression levels of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 1 (M1 receptor), choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) and nerve growth factor-tyrosine kinase A receptor (NGF-TrkA) (Bihaqi etal., 2009; Kaushik, 2017).