The following section describes the application of the ISASMELT TM process to the recycling of the feed material consisting of a blend of e-scrap and copper scrap. 25. Recycling takes place under benchmark environmental and technical standards. The implementation of the ISASMELT TM technology for the recycling of valuable metals at Umicore Precious Metals Refining Hoboken Plant in Belgium and Aurubis AG Lnen plant in Germany as part of the Kayser Recycling System are both good examples of how ISASMELT TM technology has been adapted to recycle not only electronic scrap ( e-scrap ) and copper bearing materials but also several other nonferrous metals. 2). Reck and T.E. That is why KAISER invests in pioneering product strategies, customer proximity, a strong branding policy and, last but not least, a powerful corporate culture. We havedeveloped our own, efficient procedures for processing very complex raw materials, and we utilise our special expertise to develop alloys in order to support our customers product developments as well as our markets, both now and in the future. Electrical and E-Scrap Electrical and e-scrap, or more generally what is known now in many countries as waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), covers a wide range of materials and products from used electrical products, including household appliances and the like, to used electronic products such as computers, 3 ISASMELT TM for the Recycling of E-Scrap and Copper in the U.S. Case Study Example of a New Compact Recycling Plant 825 cell phones, and so on. This was followed by a fire-refining operation to produce high-grade copper ingots for subsequent reuse. 0000015075 00000 n
The proposed plant has facilities to receive and handle a range of different feed types according to both physical properties and chemical composition. 4 presents the trend in copper scrap exports shown as tonnes of material according to four scrap types for the period The copper flow in the United States consists of several streams including the following broad types: i. Ohne die modernen Werkstoffe der NE-Metallindustrie am Anfang der Wertschpfungskette funktioniert die Infrastruktur des Industrielandes Deutschland nicht. The furnace itself is largely enclosed to minimize escape of any fugitive gases, whereas with, 7 ISASMELT TM for the Recycling of E-Scrap and Copper in the U.S. Case Study Example of a New Compact Recycling Plant 829 Copper scrap and E -scrap blended with flux and recycle dust Air, O 2 and fuel are Injected through the lance Feed is added via a port in the furnace roof and falls into the turbulent bath Bath turbulence ensures fast reaction Patented design keeps lance cool and slag splash coats lance to protect it Molten copper and slag products are tapped through tapping blocks Process air 21-90% O 2 Fuel Off-gas to WHB 1-2% carry over (% of feed) Fig. 0000004949 00000 n
American Coal Ash Association (ACAA), 2006. 0000005121 00000 n
HP web site, vironment/product-recycling.html?jumpid=re_r138_eco_ product-recycling.
Baldo 2 Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Torino, Italy, WASTE HEAT BOILERS CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 CONCEPTION OF WASTE HEAT BOILERS 4 2.1 Complex Solution4 2.2 Kind of Heat Exchange5 2.3 Heat Recovery Units and Their Usage5 2.4 Materials, Pellet Process - Uses and Exposures 1 PROCESS - MANUFACTURING & USES 1 1.1 Manufacturing of pellets 2 Pellets are formed from the raw materials fine ores and additives of < 0.05 mm - into 9-16 mm spheres. 5. Henstock, The Recycling of Non-Ferrous Metals, International Council on Metals and the Environment (ICME) (Ottawa, ON: ICME, 1996), pp P.F. 2 copper scrap), large amounts are present as a lower grade material, which means that they are associated with other metals, ceramics, or plastics.
Additional natural cooling, frost protection through water insulation and reinforced sound insulation are achieved by installing the KWP in the fresh water tank. Optimizing DRI production using natural gas. One of the leading technologies for the recycling of e-scrap and copper scrap is the ISASMELT TM Top Submerged Lance technology. In Lnen werden kupferhaltige Sekundrrohstoffe umweltschonend und energiesparend recycelt. Case Study Example This case study example is presented to illustrate the ability of the ISASMELT TM process to treat a mixed or blended feed consisting of e-scrap and lowgrade copper scrap, producing a copper metal product and a discardable slag. We will consistently expand our business in the multi-metal sector to include gold, silver, nickel, tin, lead and platinum group metals, as well as minor metals such as selenium and tellurium, for example. In addition to providing substantial raise in terms of tonnes, the new UPCAST production line allows Aurubis to increase the sales of its Copper Special Products for various growing market application segments, such as Complex Profiles and Foxrod High Performance Alloy Wirerod for the automotive industry. Major U.S. copper fabricating plants Plant Aurubis AG Cambridge-Lee Reading tube Cerro Tube CMC Howell Metal Hussey Copper Mueller copper tube products Olin Brass Revere Copper Products SDI La Farga Rod Plant Location Buffalo, NY, USA Reading, PA, USA Mexico, MO, USA New Market, CT, USA Leetsdale, PA, USA Wynne, AK, USA East Alton, IL, USA Rome, NY, USA New Haven, IN, USA Figs. Along with the goals for growth and efficiency of the group itself, Aurubis strives to work for the greater good through emphasizingresponsibility. 2. Allow optimal integration into mobile as well as stationary high-pressure and vacuum systems. This integrated system provides our customers with significant benefits.
The ability of the ISA- SMELT TM technology to scale up or down 20 would enable smaller lower cost regional plants to be economically built initially, thereby simplifying the scrap collection and transportation systems. 0000072126 00000 n While the headquarters, together with the companys largest production site, still exist in Hamburg, Aurubis has extended its operation to 22 countries in Europe, Asia and North America. The same criteria could be applied to the proposed ISASMELT study case to expand the plant throughput in the future if market conditions allow for it.
The next reductive smelting step then commences and the cycle continues. %%EOF AN OFFER TECHNOLOGY FOR THE DISPOSAL OF M6 PROPELLANT WASTE. The short suction lines to the sludge tank ensure an optimum degree of efficiency. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol became the world, Question Bank Electrolysis 1. 0000001877 00000 n 14 It is noted that on this basis and for current conditions, the United States with a population greater than 309 million could potentially collect more than 5 million tonnes per year of waste electronics plus electrical components, and this is estimated to provide more than 0.25 million tonnes of smelter grade e-scrap per year. The resulting substances from, Lecture 7 Zinc and its alloys Subjects of interest Objectives/Introduction Extraction of zinc Physical properties of zinc Zinc casting alloys Wrought zinc alloys Engineering design with zinc alloys Objectives, GmbH State-of-the-art recycling technology The ANDRITZ GROUP Overview Company ANDRITZ AG, Graz, Austria (Group headquarters) More than 220 production and service sites worldwide Employees: approx. In contrast with a high-pressure water pump based on the triplex plunger principle, the piston action of the KDU is very slow. 23,900, 6 th Southern African Base Metals Conference 2011 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE RADOS XRF ORE SORTER RS Fickling Metanza Mineral Processors (Pty) Ltd 1. 25,26 ** **Note: The energy data given here for mining (0.5% Cu ore), milling and flotation, and electrorefining are based on the data of Marsden, 26 whereas the data for smelting the produced concentrates are based on the data of Coursol et al. 0000014936 00000 n Waste Management in Dsseldorf. the vertical furnace design, the furnace footprint is relatively small. Example of collection and processing chain for used household electrical goods and appliances and electronic products. Once a small local company, Aurubis has grown into a worldwide group with about 6,500 employees. 0000073243 00000 n Kris Vaithinathan and Richard Lanam Engelhard Corporation, Balancing chemical reaction equations (stoichiometry). 0000011404 00000 n Chemists are concerned with mass relationships in chemical reactions, usually run on a macroscopic scale (grams, kilograms, etc.). 0000016565 00000 n The ISASMELT TM process concept for the processing of e- scrap and copper scrap. To ensure its position at the forefront of the industry, Aurubis will pursue ongoing improvement to proactively tackle the possible challenges of international competition. Die Trennung der Prozessschritte ermglicht eine zustzliche Verarbeitungskapazitt von bis zu 100.000 Tonnen niedrigkupferhaltiger Rohstoffe pro Jahr. The inherent value of the metal was no doubt also a factor favoring retreatment of scrap. 230,000 tons of flat rolled products and specialty wire products. 22. Beforehand, the by-product lead sulfate from the residue is converted into lead carbonate via a further partner of Aurubis, Jean Goldschmidt International SA (Belgium). Grobler, S Sondashi and F.J. Chidley. Alternatively, the high-grade copper with minimum on-site refining can be cast into bars, which after sampling are shipped to a custom refiner for electrolytic copper refining along with gold and silver production. 0000004846 00000 n This investment underscores our strategy of returning a wide range of recycling raw materials to the materials cycle in an environmentally-friendly way, says Michael Landau, who is on NAs executive board and carries responsibility for the recycling and precious metals sectors. However, large quantities of separated e-scrap are presently exported from the United States for treatment. During this process a zinc-containing filter dust occurs that also consists of other valuable metals like copper, tin and lead. Equivalent wt.% in original WEEE material: % Balance Tonnes Equivalent wt.% in e-scrap: 81.6%, typically mostly SiO2, Al2O3, some Fe and Al metals and plastics Estimated contained value (rounded) of above smelter grade e-scrap at typical current prices USD/tonne $4600 It is noted that the term WEEE in the EU generally includes all waste electronic and electrical materials, whereas in the United States, the amounts of waste electronic and electrical materials are often counted separately but sometimes used interchangeably. Under the so-called KRS-Plus project umbrella, investments will include a second furnace, allowing the KRS to be switched from batch processing to continuous smelting. 2. Archiv Copper scrap processor Norddeutsche Affinerie AG (NA) is to invest a further Euro 62.5 million in the expansion of the Kayser Recycling System (KRS) at its facility in Lnen, Germany. This lecture. 5 It is noted that this breakdown by type is only approximate for the purposes of illustration of recent trends; the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. International Trade Commission break down copper scrap into a greater number of categories than shown in Fig. Monitoring at the European ISASMELT TM plants (plants shown in Figs. Introduction 3. During this process a zinc-containing filter dust occurs that also consists of other valuable metals like copper, tin and lead. Alvear, ISACONVERT TM : TSL Continuous Copper Converting Update, International Peirce-Smith Converting Centennial, ed. 5) is a key component of the Kayser Recycling System developed by Aurubis to recover copper, tin, zinc-bearing oxide, and precious metals. To view a copy of this license, visit, Waste to Energy in Dsseldorf for a clean city. Today, the company processes complex metal concentrates, copper scrap and metal-bearing recycling materials into metals of the highest quality, and can without a doubt be regarded as a forerunner in the industry. RS Fickling Metanza Mineral Processors (Pty) Ltd, Practical Examples of Heat Regenerative System at Steelmaking Works, CEFC financing first for major Western Australian waste-to-gas project.
0000007449 00000 n Marsden, Energy Efficiency and Copper Hydrometallurgy, Hydrometallurgy 2008: Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium, ed. Thanks are given to Xstrata Technology for permission to publish this article. Chapter 8 - Chemical Equations and Reactions 8-1 Describing Chemical Reactions I. Thus, in 2010, the United States exported some tonnes of copper scrap material (far righthand bar in Fig. The reported quantities of copper, gold, and silver in this amount of e-scrap material are summarized in Table I. A pound of coal supplies enough electricity to power ten 100-watt light bulbs for about an hour.
6. Using the Kayser Recycling System (KRS) at our Lnen site, we recycle secondary raw materials with a copper content of 1 to 99 percent in an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient manner, Mr Rogiers says. 0000072544 00000 n
Preparatory Work for New Dioxin Measurement Requirements for the European Metal Industry: Final Report, Reference ENV.G.2/ATA/2004/0070, IPPC Directive, EU, Brussels, October 2005, olfe/testi%20documenti/dioxins_final_rep%20-%20rapporto% 20finale%20sulle%20diossine%20dal%20settore%20metal lurgico.pdf. Apart from copper, precious metals, nickel, tin, lead and zinc are recovered as byproducts. The bearings run in an oil bath and do not require maintenance. The filtered water is channelled directly (without settling basin) to the KAISER pressure transformer for further jetting operations. Aurubis,an expert in multi-metal recycling, helps to close the loop for copper and other metals. The new line will give a substantial boost to support the planned growth of our Foxrod Product Line, which is used to produce Oxygen Free Wirerod.
Built into the front part of the sludge tank, this one-stage filter system separates solids from sewer water. Top Performance for flexible applications. It is assumed that fuel required in the collection and transportation steps would be similar in the case of either treatment in the United States or export (typically this fuel would be of the order of 4 U.S. gallons per tonne handled for a 500-mile trip). When it comes to continuous operation in sewers featuring a high fat content and extreme soiling, there is no other system on the market that can match the performance of the KAISER ROTOMAX system with backflushing. The high-grade copper is tapped for transfer to the anode or fire refining furnace, and the refined melt cast as anodes for shipment to an electrolytic refinery. Introduction IWR is an integrated system, realised by different Italian companies, manufacturers, Resources 2014, 3, 152-179; doi:10.3390/resources3010152 Review OPEN ACCESS resources ISSN 2079-9276 www.mdpi.com/journal/resources Metal Extraction Processes for Electronic Waste and Existing Industrial, Our Environmental Protection Plan RECYCLING CAPABILITIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS WHO WE ARE Since day one, East Penn has made safe recycling an everyday practice. 0000012303 00000 n %PDF-1.4 % We Manufacture Systems for Energy Recovery from Wastes and Biomass as well as for Treatment of Hazardous Wastes. *)MC;"B&`ii`kX`(@-. Who does this apply to? 9. To deal with, RULE 7060 TOXIC METALS FROM NON-FERROUS METAL MELTING (Adopted December 15, 1994) 1.0 Purpose The purpose of this rule is to control airborne emissions of toxic metals from non-ferrous metal melting. Southern African Pyrometallurgy 2006, Edited by R.T. Jones, South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Johannesburg, 5-8 March 2006 Xstrata Alloys in Profile O. Naiker and T. Riley Xstrata Alloys, INNOVATIONS IN METALLURGY WITH A CASE STUDY OF Pb SMELTING IN PERU Phillip J. Mackey PERUMIN - 31 st Mining Convention Arequipa, September 16 th to 20 th, 2013 Peru is a Mining Country We must not forget, Improving Energy Efficiency Across Mineral Processing and Smelting Operations A New Approach C L Evans 1, B L Coulter 2, E Wightman 3 and A S Burrows 4 ABSTRACT With their commitment to sustainable development, Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook WORLD BANK GROUP Effective July 1998 Iron and Steel Manufacturing Industry Description and Practices Steel is manufactured by the chemical reduction of iron, Characterisation of Mineral Wastes, Resources and Processing technologies Integrated waste management for the production of construction material WRT 177 / WR0115 Case Study: Residues from aluminium dross, Secondary Lead Smelting Secondary Lead Smelting Objectives Describe the basic smelting process terms: smelting, refining, and alloying List key chemicals associated with secondary lead smelting Define, Printed Circuit Board Recycling Methods 1.
Delivery to Plant in Case Study Example Fig. Partington, Pyrometallurgy 1, 615 (2010). This document covers the, Coal Properties, Sampling & Ash Characteristics by Rod Hatt Coal Combustion, Inc. Versailles, KY 859-873-0188 Introduction The Powder River Coal is classified as sub-bituminous ranked coal. 0000072322 00000 n The DYNA water recovery system is an easy functioning system, which works with two filter stages: Thanks to this two-stage recovery system (500 microns), it is even possible to work in muddy canals, Powerful VPC vacuum pumps with ATEX explosion protection, Patented innovation from Dietmar Kaiser AG, 1st level: a partition intercepts all large particles, so that the recovery can not clog filters, 2nd level: a DYNA rotating filter assumes the fine filtration of water for HPT High Pressure Pump, Filter with continuous rotation and special self-cleaning design. Our KWP does not produce any contamination caused by lubricants or oil in the air discharged by the pump.
15,17 * Top Blown Rotary Converter complexity has required the development of specialized equipment and technology not only to pretreat and sort the materials but also to further smelt and refine. 2 824 Alvear Flores, Nikolic, and Mackey Tonnage, 1000s short tons Total Scrap Consumed Direct Melt Scrap Net Exports Refined Scrap Year Fig. (Published online March 18, 2014) 823. Using weight vibrator feeders, the feed materials are metered from the day bins onto a collector conveyor. POTENTIAL GROWTH OF COPPER AND E-SCRAP RECYCLING IN THE UNITED STATES The combination of both a large increase in the use of consumer electronics and a heightened increase in recycling in general suggests that the tonnage of e-scrap available to the recycle market in the United States will grow significantly over the next decade. 8. The Commodities Research Unit of the United Kingdom estimates that the total European Union (EU) generation (2008 data) of WEEE is some 10 million tonnes per year, of which 70%, or 7 million tonnes per year, are collected for treatment, with about 96% of the material being treated within the EU. This design ensures a low level of sensitivity to dirt particles and is ideally suited to vacuuming wet and dry materials. Downturn for fragile non-ferrous markets, Ocean Cleanup recovered a space shuttle weight in plastics. In 2017, the company purchased its second UPCAST production line, which was installed at Aurubis site in Olen, Belgium. 2. Historically, the bulk of this copper scrap was generally treated within the United States, 1 4 but, since about 2000, the tonnage of copper scrap exports has increased considerably. In addition to efficient recycling, being in itself a manifestation of green thinking, Aurubis also implements high environmental standards in its everyday work. TOXIC METALS FROM NON-FERROUS METAL MELTING (Adopted December 15, 1994) For the purpose of this rule, the following definitions shall apply: Introduction to Waste Treatment Technologies. Products 1. This reduces body weight and cuts cleaning and maintenance outlay. Of course, no company could survive if it was not sufficiently equipped to answer the needs of its customers.
We provide recycling and, Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook WORLD BANK GROUP Effective July 1998 Industry Description and Practices Lead and zinc can be produced pyrometallurgically or hydrometallurgically, depending, Regent Street Direct Swallow Street recycling facts and figures in partnership with Bywaters 2013 Swallow Street produced 76 tonnes of cardboard Mission Recycling Ltd: Paper and Cardboard Paper of all, Economic Impact Study U.S.- Based Scrap Recycling Industry 2015 Prepared for the Institute for Scrap Recycling Industries, Inc. Executive Summary Scrap recycling is a major U.S.-based industry dedicated, Tokyo Steel s Views to Global Warming revised on June 25, 2010 with the latest data 1. Figure 1, taken from the recent publication of the Copper Development Association, The US Copper base Scrap Industry and its Byproducts-An Overview (13th Edition), 1 illustrates the trends in the net exports and consumption of copper in scrap in the United States for the period Through much of the 1980s, of the order of tons annually ( metric tonnes) was exported; this figure had jumped to more than tons annually ( metric tonnes) by *No.1 copper and No. Mit dieser Initiative zeigen wir, wofr unsere Branche beim Klimaschutz steht: Erfolgreiche Bilanzen, konkrete Leistungen und Effizienz-Erfolge. Coal Combustion Product (CCP) Production and Use Survey.
In combination with a flow-optimised, symmetrical piping arrangement, this results in significantly reduced fuel consumption. 6 The trend in the quantity of U.S. collected and recycled electronics in recent years is illustrated in Fig. 4 826 Alvear Flores, Nikolic, and Mackey Table I. 2086 The Reduction of Resource Input, UTILISATION OF NON-FERROUS SCRAP Every year in New Zealand significant quantities of scrap metal are produced both as industrial off-cuts and when metal products wear out. (b) Arrange electrolytes and non-electrolytes from the following substances (i) sugar solution, LCA EXPERIENCE IN THE FIELD OF RECYCLING OF PLASTICS FROM ELECTRONIC WASTE B. DeBenedetti, L. Maffia, G.L. (67-73) RECOVERY AND ENERGY SAVINGS OF ALUMINUM CAN BEVERAGE CONSUMED IN GENERAL AND VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL, Chem 115 POGIL Worksheet - Week 4 Moles & Stoichiometry Why? Metallurgy: (Extracting metal from ore), Metals and Non-metals. Quite a few factors might cause the figures to vary; certainly the difference in terminology confounds a direct comparison. 6 Importance of Collection In today s world, almost all electrical and electronic components incorporate several valuable precious metals such as gold, platinum, or silver along with copper. Some Euro 17 million of the total will be spent on waste gas purification plant and other environmental protection measures, according to NA. When the melt is ready, the lance is raised and the final high-grade copper charge is tapped out via the copper taphole located near the furnace hearth. G.R.F. Anodes and Misc Equipment Application: Platinised Titanium Anodes Platinised titanium anodes are recommended for use in the following electrolytic processes:- Precious metal electroplating - e.g. A typical processing chain for used household and consumer goods is illustrated in Fig Collection is the first critical step in this process. Waste gas and noise emissions are substantially reduced due to fewer retanking and waste depot runs. Integrated System for treatment and recycling of Municipal Solid Waste, Metal Extraction Processes for Electronic Waste and Existing Industrial Routes: A Review and Australian Perspective, Our Environmental Protection Plan RECYCLING CAPABILITIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS. Required fields are marked *. High-performance vacuuming of dry and wet materials. 8). T E C H N O L O G I E S MEMBER OF ECOBAT TECHNOLOGIES SHAPING PERSPECTIVES The Braubach-based BERZELIUS Metall GmbH (BMB) is a foremost producer of lead. Oil and gas formation. 0000000016 00000 n b Differences between rows 5 and 6 are due to stock changes and possible variations in Cu grade of scrap that was estimated by the authors; summed over the 9 years included here indicates a difference of less than 5%. The feed mix will be brought to the ISASMELT TM building and furnace via belt conveyors. This so-called KRS oxide is used as raw material at Grillo-Werke AG for the production of zinc sulfate. This slag can be granulated and may be sold as iron-silicate sand, or it can be appropriately stockpiled or shipped to a designated storage area. 8. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN FLOTATION REAGENTS TO IMPROVE BASE METAL RECOVERY. 0000001316 00000 n 0000008388 00000 n Arthur, and P.J. Ich bin damit einverstanden, dass die DETAIL Business Information GmbH mir regelmig individualisierte spannende Neuigkeiten und Veranstaltungen per E-Mail zusendet. Die Gewinnung von Rohstoffen aus Sekundrkreislufen bildet bereits heute eine tragende Sule der Rohstoffversorgung der Industrie in Deutschland und Europa, auch wenn sie auf absehbare Zeit nicht ausreichend sein wird, den Kupferbedarf in Europa allein zu decken.. Thecooperation between Grilloand Aurubismakes the value chain of KRS Oxide moreefficient. Ten years later, the company commissioned a copper electrolysis facility the first permanently operating facility of its kind in the world. Das RECYCLING magazin berichtet seit ber 75 Jahren unabhngig und aktuell ber die wirtschaftlichen, politischen und technischen Entwicklungen in der Recycling- und Entsorgungswirtschaft. At the same time, it allows us to secure the groups supply of copper. M.J. Spendlove, Methods for Producing Secondary Copper, US Bureau of Mines, Information Circular No (Washington, DC: US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1961). Aurubis A.G. ISASMELT TM plant as part of the Kayser Recycling System. Separate bins would also be installed for the metering out of silica flux and coal specific to the feed blend being treated. 6. The KDU is a hydraulically driven high-pressure water pump which converts oil pressure/flow directly into water pressure/flow. This situation has in some cases prompted government regulations affecting disposal, exports, and the like. For the case study example discussed here, the feed consisting of e-scrap and copper scrap can be batch smelted under so-called reductive smelting conditions 15 such that copper and base metals contained in the feed react to form an initial copper bath. 1 JOM, Vol. It is here that the ISASMELT TM technology is ideally suited to this duty as it enables complex e-scrap component materials to be processed in the United States as an environmentally and energy efficient operation. 23. This article describes new opportunities for the U.S. recycling industries to yield full value from the collected, sorted and separated e-scrap and lower grade copper scrap by the use of ISASMELT TM technology. Our strength is our strong metallurgical expertise, which we use throughout our whole value chain, saysJo Rogiers, Senior Vice President Technology as well as Managing Director of Aurubis Belgium. REFERENCES 1. PHYSICAL SCIENCES: CHEMISTRY Test 6: Chemical change, SINTERING AND PELLETISATION OF INDIAN IRON ORES, Short Communication Energy Recovery from Waste of Printed Circuit Boards in Plasmatron Plasma Reactor, IWR Integrated Waste Recycling. Coal rank is, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS, MECHANICAL AND MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING Volume 1. The use of an advanced process control system results in the furnace operation being largely automated. At the completion of feeding a batch to the furnace, the lance is raised. As a consequence, the KDU can safely run dry and is unaffected by dirty water. 19. Although all steps are important, it is the near-final processing step, producing a payable metal product, that is ultimately the key to successfully and sustainably recycling these materials.
0000002081 00000 n
Dsseldorf s public utilities company known as Stadtwerke Dsseldorf operates a waste to energy plant (WtE) that has been, Optimizing DRI production using natural gas The MIDREX Process - The world s most reliable CONTENTS 2 MIDREX NG - NATURAL GAS-BASED IRONMAKING 3 THE MIDREX REFORMER 5 BENEFITS OF THE MIDREX REFORMER 6, SUSTAINABLE BATTERY-RECYCLING. Comparison of physical properties of metals and non metals, ZERO WASTE ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE (EAF) STEELMAKING CHAPARRAL STEEL COMPANY TARGET, Developments and trends shaping the future for Waste-to- Energy technology suppliers, Recent Developments in the U.S. and Global Ferrous Scrap Markets, Overview of Integrated Coal Gasification Combined-cycle Technology Using Low-rank Coal, Carbon Dioxide Membrane Separation for Carbon Capture using Direct FuelCell Systems, A guide to solid recovered fuel. Would you like to share any interesting developments or article ideas with us? The amount (in millions of metric tonnes/year) and value (in US$ billions/year) of U.S. recycled electronics for the years 2002, 2005, and copper box in Fig. 
Baldo 2 Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Torino, Italy, WASTE HEAT BOILERS CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 CONCEPTION OF WASTE HEAT BOILERS 4 2.1 Complex Solution4 2.2 Kind of Heat Exchange5 2.3 Heat Recovery Units and Their Usage5 2.4 Materials, Pellet Process - Uses and Exposures 1 PROCESS - MANUFACTURING & USES 1 1.1 Manufacturing of pellets 2 Pellets are formed from the raw materials fine ores and additives of < 0.05 mm - into 9-16 mm spheres. 5. Henstock, The Recycling of Non-Ferrous Metals, International Council on Metals and the Environment (ICME) (Ottawa, ON: ICME, 1996), pp P.F. 2 copper scrap), large amounts are present as a lower grade material, which means that they are associated with other metals, ceramics, or plastics.
Additional natural cooling, frost protection through water insulation and reinforced sound insulation are achieved by installing the KWP in the fresh water tank. Optimizing DRI production using natural gas. One of the leading technologies for the recycling of e-scrap and copper scrap is the ISASMELT TM Top Submerged Lance technology. In Lnen werden kupferhaltige Sekundrrohstoffe umweltschonend und energiesparend recycelt. Case Study Example This case study example is presented to illustrate the ability of the ISASMELT TM process to treat a mixed or blended feed consisting of e-scrap and lowgrade copper scrap, producing a copper metal product and a discardable slag. We will consistently expand our business in the multi-metal sector to include gold, silver, nickel, tin, lead and platinum group metals, as well as minor metals such as selenium and tellurium, for example. In addition to providing substantial raise in terms of tonnes, the new UPCAST production line allows Aurubis to increase the sales of its Copper Special Products for various growing market application segments, such as Complex Profiles and Foxrod High Performance Alloy Wirerod for the automotive industry. Major U.S. copper fabricating plants Plant Aurubis AG Cambridge-Lee Reading tube Cerro Tube CMC Howell Metal Hussey Copper Mueller copper tube products Olin Brass Revere Copper Products SDI La Farga Rod Plant Location Buffalo, NY, USA Reading, PA, USA Mexico, MO, USA New Market, CT, USA Leetsdale, PA, USA Wynne, AK, USA East Alton, IL, USA Rome, NY, USA New Haven, IN, USA Figs. Along with the goals for growth and efficiency of the group itself, Aurubis strives to work for the greater good through emphasizingresponsibility. 2. Allow optimal integration into mobile as well as stationary high-pressure and vacuum systems. This integrated system provides our customers with significant benefits. The ability of the ISA- SMELT TM technology to scale up or down 20 would enable smaller lower cost regional plants to be economically built initially, thereby simplifying the scrap collection and transportation systems. 0000072126 00000 n While the headquarters, together with the companys largest production site, still exist in Hamburg, Aurubis has extended its operation to 22 countries in Europe, Asia and North America. The same criteria could be applied to the proposed ISASMELT study case to expand the plant throughput in the future if market conditions allow for it.
The next reductive smelting step then commences and the cycle continues. %%EOF AN OFFER TECHNOLOGY FOR THE DISPOSAL OF M6 PROPELLANT WASTE. The short suction lines to the sludge tank ensure an optimum degree of efficiency. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol became the world, Question Bank Electrolysis 1. 0000001877 00000 n 14 It is noted that on this basis and for current conditions, the United States with a population greater than 309 million could potentially collect more than 5 million tonnes per year of waste electronics plus electrical components, and this is estimated to provide more than 0.25 million tonnes of smelter grade e-scrap per year. The resulting substances from, Lecture 7 Zinc and its alloys Subjects of interest Objectives/Introduction Extraction of zinc Physical properties of zinc Zinc casting alloys Wrought zinc alloys Engineering design with zinc alloys Objectives, GmbH State-of-the-art recycling technology The ANDRITZ GROUP Overview Company ANDRITZ AG, Graz, Austria (Group headquarters) More than 220 production and service sites worldwide Employees: approx. In contrast with a high-pressure water pump based on the triplex plunger principle, the piston action of the KDU is very slow. 23,900, 6 th Southern African Base Metals Conference 2011 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE RADOS XRF ORE SORTER RS Fickling Metanza Mineral Processors (Pty) Ltd 1. 25,26 ** **Note: The energy data given here for mining (0.5% Cu ore), milling and flotation, and electrorefining are based on the data of Marsden, 26 whereas the data for smelting the produced concentrates are based on the data of Coursol et al. 0000014936 00000 n Waste Management in Dsseldorf. the vertical furnace design, the furnace footprint is relatively small. Example of collection and processing chain for used household electrical goods and appliances and electronic products. Once a small local company, Aurubis has grown into a worldwide group with about 6,500 employees. 0000073243 00000 n Kris Vaithinathan and Richard Lanam Engelhard Corporation, Balancing chemical reaction equations (stoichiometry). 0000011404 00000 n Chemists are concerned with mass relationships in chemical reactions, usually run on a macroscopic scale (grams, kilograms, etc.). 0000016565 00000 n The ISASMELT TM process concept for the processing of e- scrap and copper scrap. To ensure its position at the forefront of the industry, Aurubis will pursue ongoing improvement to proactively tackle the possible challenges of international competition. Die Trennung der Prozessschritte ermglicht eine zustzliche Verarbeitungskapazitt von bis zu 100.000 Tonnen niedrigkupferhaltiger Rohstoffe pro Jahr. The inherent value of the metal was no doubt also a factor favoring retreatment of scrap. 230,000 tons of flat rolled products and specialty wire products. 22. Beforehand, the by-product lead sulfate from the residue is converted into lead carbonate via a further partner of Aurubis, Jean Goldschmidt International SA (Belgium). Grobler, S Sondashi and F.J. Chidley. Alternatively, the high-grade copper with minimum on-site refining can be cast into bars, which after sampling are shipped to a custom refiner for electrolytic copper refining along with gold and silver production. 0000004846 00000 n This investment underscores our strategy of returning a wide range of recycling raw materials to the materials cycle in an environmentally-friendly way, says Michael Landau, who is on NAs executive board and carries responsibility for the recycling and precious metals sectors. However, large quantities of separated e-scrap are presently exported from the United States for treatment. During this process a zinc-containing filter dust occurs that also consists of other valuable metals like copper, tin and lead. Equivalent wt.% in original WEEE material: % Balance Tonnes Equivalent wt.% in e-scrap: 81.6%, typically mostly SiO2, Al2O3, some Fe and Al metals and plastics Estimated contained value (rounded) of above smelter grade e-scrap at typical current prices USD/tonne $4600 It is noted that the term WEEE in the EU generally includes all waste electronic and electrical materials, whereas in the United States, the amounts of waste electronic and electrical materials are often counted separately but sometimes used interchangeably. Under the so-called KRS-Plus project umbrella, investments will include a second furnace, allowing the KRS to be switched from batch processing to continuous smelting. 2. Archiv Copper scrap processor Norddeutsche Affinerie AG (NA) is to invest a further Euro 62.5 million in the expansion of the Kayser Recycling System (KRS) at its facility in Lnen, Germany. This lecture. 5 It is noted that this breakdown by type is only approximate for the purposes of illustration of recent trends; the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. International Trade Commission break down copper scrap into a greater number of categories than shown in Fig. Monitoring at the European ISASMELT TM plants (plants shown in Figs. Introduction 3. During this process a zinc-containing filter dust occurs that also consists of other valuable metals like copper, tin and lead. Alvear, ISACONVERT TM : TSL Continuous Copper Converting Update, International Peirce-Smith Converting Centennial, ed. 5) is a key component of the Kayser Recycling System developed by Aurubis to recover copper, tin, zinc-bearing oxide, and precious metals. To view a copy of this license, visit, Waste to Energy in Dsseldorf for a clean city. Today, the company processes complex metal concentrates, copper scrap and metal-bearing recycling materials into metals of the highest quality, and can without a doubt be regarded as a forerunner in the industry. RS Fickling Metanza Mineral Processors (Pty) Ltd, Practical Examples of Heat Regenerative System at Steelmaking Works, CEFC financing first for major Western Australian waste-to-gas project.
0000007449 00000 n Marsden, Energy Efficiency and Copper Hydrometallurgy, Hydrometallurgy 2008: Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium, ed. Thanks are given to Xstrata Technology for permission to publish this article. Chapter 8 - Chemical Equations and Reactions 8-1 Describing Chemical Reactions I. Thus, in 2010, the United States exported some tonnes of copper scrap material (far righthand bar in Fig. The reported quantities of copper, gold, and silver in this amount of e-scrap material are summarized in Table I. A pound of coal supplies enough electricity to power ten 100-watt light bulbs for about an hour.
6. Using the Kayser Recycling System (KRS) at our Lnen site, we recycle secondary raw materials with a copper content of 1 to 99 percent in an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient manner, Mr Rogiers says. 0000072544 00000 n
Preparatory Work for New Dioxin Measurement Requirements for the European Metal Industry: Final Report, Reference ENV.G.2/ATA/2004/0070, IPPC Directive, EU, Brussels, October 2005, olfe/testi%20documenti/dioxins_final_rep%20-%20rapporto% 20finale%20sulle%20diossine%20dal%20settore%20metal lurgico.pdf. Apart from copper, precious metals, nickel, tin, lead and zinc are recovered as byproducts. The bearings run in an oil bath and do not require maintenance. The filtered water is channelled directly (without settling basin) to the KAISER pressure transformer for further jetting operations. Aurubis,an expert in multi-metal recycling, helps to close the loop for copper and other metals. The new line will give a substantial boost to support the planned growth of our Foxrod Product Line, which is used to produce Oxygen Free Wirerod. Built into the front part of the sludge tank, this one-stage filter system separates solids from sewer water. Top Performance for flexible applications. It is assumed that fuel required in the collection and transportation steps would be similar in the case of either treatment in the United States or export (typically this fuel would be of the order of 4 U.S. gallons per tonne handled for a 500-mile trip). When it comes to continuous operation in sewers featuring a high fat content and extreme soiling, there is no other system on the market that can match the performance of the KAISER ROTOMAX system with backflushing. The high-grade copper is tapped for transfer to the anode or fire refining furnace, and the refined melt cast as anodes for shipment to an electrolytic refinery. Introduction IWR is an integrated system, realised by different Italian companies, manufacturers, Resources 2014, 3, 152-179; doi:10.3390/resources3010152 Review OPEN ACCESS resources ISSN 2079-9276 www.mdpi.com/journal/resources Metal Extraction Processes for Electronic Waste and Existing Industrial, Our Environmental Protection Plan RECYCLING CAPABILITIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS WHO WE ARE Since day one, East Penn has made safe recycling an everyday practice. 0000012303 00000 n %PDF-1.4 % We Manufacture Systems for Energy Recovery from Wastes and Biomass as well as for Treatment of Hazardous Wastes. *)MC;"B&`ii`kX`(@-. Who does this apply to? 9. To deal with, RULE 7060 TOXIC METALS FROM NON-FERROUS METAL MELTING (Adopted December 15, 1994) 1.0 Purpose The purpose of this rule is to control airborne emissions of toxic metals from non-ferrous metal melting. Southern African Pyrometallurgy 2006, Edited by R.T. Jones, South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Johannesburg, 5-8 March 2006 Xstrata Alloys in Profile O. Naiker and T. Riley Xstrata Alloys, INNOVATIONS IN METALLURGY WITH A CASE STUDY OF Pb SMELTING IN PERU Phillip J. Mackey PERUMIN - 31 st Mining Convention Arequipa, September 16 th to 20 th, 2013 Peru is a Mining Country We must not forget, Improving Energy Efficiency Across Mineral Processing and Smelting Operations A New Approach C L Evans 1, B L Coulter 2, E Wightman 3 and A S Burrows 4 ABSTRACT With their commitment to sustainable development, Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook WORLD BANK GROUP Effective July 1998 Iron and Steel Manufacturing Industry Description and Practices Steel is manufactured by the chemical reduction of iron, Characterisation of Mineral Wastes, Resources and Processing technologies Integrated waste management for the production of construction material WRT 177 / WR0115 Case Study: Residues from aluminium dross, Secondary Lead Smelting Secondary Lead Smelting Objectives Describe the basic smelting process terms: smelting, refining, and alloying List key chemicals associated with secondary lead smelting Define, Printed Circuit Board Recycling Methods 1.
Delivery to Plant in Case Study Example Fig. Partington, Pyrometallurgy 1, 615 (2010). This document covers the, Coal Properties, Sampling & Ash Characteristics by Rod Hatt Coal Combustion, Inc. Versailles, KY 859-873-0188 Introduction The Powder River Coal is classified as sub-bituminous ranked coal. 0000072322 00000 n The DYNA water recovery system is an easy functioning system, which works with two filter stages: Thanks to this two-stage recovery system (500 microns), it is even possible to work in muddy canals, Powerful VPC vacuum pumps with ATEX explosion protection, Patented innovation from Dietmar Kaiser AG, 1st level: a partition intercepts all large particles, so that the recovery can not clog filters, 2nd level: a DYNA rotating filter assumes the fine filtration of water for HPT High Pressure Pump, Filter with continuous rotation and special self-cleaning design. Our KWP does not produce any contamination caused by lubricants or oil in the air discharged by the pump.
15,17 * Top Blown Rotary Converter complexity has required the development of specialized equipment and technology not only to pretreat and sort the materials but also to further smelt and refine. 2 824 Alvear Flores, Nikolic, and Mackey Tonnage, 1000s short tons Total Scrap Consumed Direct Melt Scrap Net Exports Refined Scrap Year Fig. (Published online March 18, 2014) 823. Using weight vibrator feeders, the feed materials are metered from the day bins onto a collector conveyor. POTENTIAL GROWTH OF COPPER AND E-SCRAP RECYCLING IN THE UNITED STATES The combination of both a large increase in the use of consumer electronics and a heightened increase in recycling in general suggests that the tonnage of e-scrap available to the recycle market in the United States will grow significantly over the next decade. 8. The Commodities Research Unit of the United Kingdom estimates that the total European Union (EU) generation (2008 data) of WEEE is some 10 million tonnes per year, of which 70%, or 7 million tonnes per year, are collected for treatment, with about 96% of the material being treated within the EU. This design ensures a low level of sensitivity to dirt particles and is ideally suited to vacuuming wet and dry materials. Downturn for fragile non-ferrous markets, Ocean Cleanup recovered a space shuttle weight in plastics. In 2017, the company purchased its second UPCAST production line, which was installed at Aurubis site in Olen, Belgium. 2. Historically, the bulk of this copper scrap was generally treated within the United States, 1 4 but, since about 2000, the tonnage of copper scrap exports has increased considerably. In addition to efficient recycling, being in itself a manifestation of green thinking, Aurubis also implements high environmental standards in its everyday work. TOXIC METALS FROM NON-FERROUS METAL MELTING (Adopted December 15, 1994) For the purpose of this rule, the following definitions shall apply: Introduction to Waste Treatment Technologies. Products 1. This reduces body weight and cuts cleaning and maintenance outlay. Of course, no company could survive if it was not sufficiently equipped to answer the needs of its customers.
We provide recycling and, Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook WORLD BANK GROUP Effective July 1998 Industry Description and Practices Lead and zinc can be produced pyrometallurgically or hydrometallurgically, depending, Regent Street Direct Swallow Street recycling facts and figures in partnership with Bywaters 2013 Swallow Street produced 76 tonnes of cardboard Mission Recycling Ltd: Paper and Cardboard Paper of all, Economic Impact Study U.S.- Based Scrap Recycling Industry 2015 Prepared for the Institute for Scrap Recycling Industries, Inc. Executive Summary Scrap recycling is a major U.S.-based industry dedicated, Tokyo Steel s Views to Global Warming revised on June 25, 2010 with the latest data 1. Figure 1, taken from the recent publication of the Copper Development Association, The US Copper base Scrap Industry and its Byproducts-An Overview (13th Edition), 1 illustrates the trends in the net exports and consumption of copper in scrap in the United States for the period Through much of the 1980s, of the order of tons annually ( metric tonnes) was exported; this figure had jumped to more than tons annually ( metric tonnes) by *No.1 copper and No. Mit dieser Initiative zeigen wir, wofr unsere Branche beim Klimaschutz steht: Erfolgreiche Bilanzen, konkrete Leistungen und Effizienz-Erfolge. Coal Combustion Product (CCP) Production and Use Survey.
In combination with a flow-optimised, symmetrical piping arrangement, this results in significantly reduced fuel consumption. 6 The trend in the quantity of U.S. collected and recycled electronics in recent years is illustrated in Fig. 4 826 Alvear Flores, Nikolic, and Mackey Table I. 2086 The Reduction of Resource Input, UTILISATION OF NON-FERROUS SCRAP Every year in New Zealand significant quantities of scrap metal are produced both as industrial off-cuts and when metal products wear out. (b) Arrange electrolytes and non-electrolytes from the following substances (i) sugar solution, LCA EXPERIENCE IN THE FIELD OF RECYCLING OF PLASTICS FROM ELECTRONIC WASTE B. DeBenedetti, L. Maffia, G.L. (67-73) RECOVERY AND ENERGY SAVINGS OF ALUMINUM CAN BEVERAGE CONSUMED IN GENERAL AND VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL, Chem 115 POGIL Worksheet - Week 4 Moles & Stoichiometry Why? Metallurgy: (Extracting metal from ore), Metals and Non-metals. Quite a few factors might cause the figures to vary; certainly the difference in terminology confounds a direct comparison. 6 Importance of Collection In today s world, almost all electrical and electronic components incorporate several valuable precious metals such as gold, platinum, or silver along with copper. Some Euro 17 million of the total will be spent on waste gas purification plant and other environmental protection measures, according to NA. When the melt is ready, the lance is raised and the final high-grade copper charge is tapped out via the copper taphole located near the furnace hearth. G.R.F. Anodes and Misc Equipment Application: Platinised Titanium Anodes Platinised titanium anodes are recommended for use in the following electrolytic processes:- Precious metal electroplating - e.g. A typical processing chain for used household and consumer goods is illustrated in Fig Collection is the first critical step in this process. Waste gas and noise emissions are substantially reduced due to fewer retanking and waste depot runs. Integrated System for treatment and recycling of Municipal Solid Waste, Metal Extraction Processes for Electronic Waste and Existing Industrial Routes: A Review and Australian Perspective, Our Environmental Protection Plan RECYCLING CAPABILITIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS. Required fields are marked *. High-performance vacuuming of dry and wet materials. 8). T E C H N O L O G I E S MEMBER OF ECOBAT TECHNOLOGIES SHAPING PERSPECTIVES The Braubach-based BERZELIUS Metall GmbH (BMB) is a foremost producer of lead. Oil and gas formation. 0000000016 00000 n b Differences between rows 5 and 6 are due to stock changes and possible variations in Cu grade of scrap that was estimated by the authors; summed over the 9 years included here indicates a difference of less than 5%. The feed mix will be brought to the ISASMELT TM building and furnace via belt conveyors. This so-called KRS oxide is used as raw material at Grillo-Werke AG for the production of zinc sulfate. This slag can be granulated and may be sold as iron-silicate sand, or it can be appropriately stockpiled or shipped to a designated storage area. 8. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN FLOTATION REAGENTS TO IMPROVE BASE METAL RECOVERY. 0000001316 00000 n 0000008388 00000 n Arthur, and P.J. Ich bin damit einverstanden, dass die DETAIL Business Information GmbH mir regelmig individualisierte spannende Neuigkeiten und Veranstaltungen per E-Mail zusendet. Die Gewinnung von Rohstoffen aus Sekundrkreislufen bildet bereits heute eine tragende Sule der Rohstoffversorgung der Industrie in Deutschland und Europa, auch wenn sie auf absehbare Zeit nicht ausreichend sein wird, den Kupferbedarf in Europa allein zu decken.. Thecooperation between Grilloand Aurubismakes the value chain of KRS Oxide moreefficient. Ten years later, the company commissioned a copper electrolysis facility the first permanently operating facility of its kind in the world. Das RECYCLING magazin berichtet seit ber 75 Jahren unabhngig und aktuell ber die wirtschaftlichen, politischen und technischen Entwicklungen in der Recycling- und Entsorgungswirtschaft. At the same time, it allows us to secure the groups supply of copper. M.J. Spendlove, Methods for Producing Secondary Copper, US Bureau of Mines, Information Circular No (Washington, DC: US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1961). Aurubis A.G. ISASMELT TM plant as part of the Kayser Recycling System. Separate bins would also be installed for the metering out of silica flux and coal specific to the feed blend being treated. 6. The KDU is a hydraulically driven high-pressure water pump which converts oil pressure/flow directly into water pressure/flow. This situation has in some cases prompted government regulations affecting disposal, exports, and the like. For the case study example discussed here, the feed consisting of e-scrap and copper scrap can be batch smelted under so-called reductive smelting conditions 15 such that copper and base metals contained in the feed react to form an initial copper bath. 1 JOM, Vol. It is here that the ISASMELT TM technology is ideally suited to this duty as it enables complex e-scrap component materials to be processed in the United States as an environmentally and energy efficient operation. 23. This article describes new opportunities for the U.S. recycling industries to yield full value from the collected, sorted and separated e-scrap and lower grade copper scrap by the use of ISASMELT TM technology. Our strength is our strong metallurgical expertise, which we use throughout our whole value chain, saysJo Rogiers, Senior Vice President Technology as well as Managing Director of Aurubis Belgium. REFERENCES 1. PHYSICAL SCIENCES: CHEMISTRY Test 6: Chemical change, SINTERING AND PELLETISATION OF INDIAN IRON ORES, Short Communication Energy Recovery from Waste of Printed Circuit Boards in Plasmatron Plasma Reactor, IWR Integrated Waste Recycling. Coal rank is, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS, MECHANICAL AND MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING Volume 1. The use of an advanced process control system results in the furnace operation being largely automated. At the completion of feeding a batch to the furnace, the lance is raised. As a consequence, the KDU can safely run dry and is unaffected by dirty water. 19. Although all steps are important, it is the near-final processing step, producing a payable metal product, that is ultimately the key to successfully and sustainably recycling these materials.
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Dsseldorf s public utilities company known as Stadtwerke Dsseldorf operates a waste to energy plant (WtE) that has been, Optimizing DRI production using natural gas The MIDREX Process - The world s most reliable CONTENTS 2 MIDREX NG - NATURAL GAS-BASED IRONMAKING 3 THE MIDREX REFORMER 5 BENEFITS OF THE MIDREX REFORMER 6, SUSTAINABLE BATTERY-RECYCLING. Comparison of physical properties of metals and non metals, ZERO WASTE ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE (EAF) STEELMAKING CHAPARRAL STEEL COMPANY TARGET, Developments and trends shaping the future for Waste-to- Energy technology suppliers, Recent Developments in the U.S. and Global Ferrous Scrap Markets, Overview of Integrated Coal Gasification Combined-cycle Technology Using Low-rank Coal, Carbon Dioxide Membrane Separation for Carbon Capture using Direct FuelCell Systems, A guide to solid recovered fuel. Would you like to share any interesting developments or article ideas with us? The amount (in millions of metric tonnes/year) and value (in US$ billions/year) of U.S. recycled electronics for the years 2002, 2005, and copper box in Fig.