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Natural gas pressures are expressed in several different ways. 1. NFPA 54, Chapter 2 Referenced Publications. Many years ago, a propane tank from a food vendor leaked propane into a low area under some bleachers at the Indiana Fairgrounds. IFGC Appendix D Recommended Procedure for Safety Inspection of an Existing Appliance Installation. 4 0 obj
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It also covers combustion air provisions for gas-fired appliances. Most mechanical codes have pressure limitations of 5 psi in a building. The fuel gas codes have a section on approved materials for fuel gas pipe, valves and fittings. This chapter establishes the limits of applicability of the fuel gas code and describes how the code is to be applied and enforced. The model codes have changed and evolved over the years. %PDF-1.5
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Chapter 8 provides the full title and edition year of the standards and codes, in addition to the address of the promulgators and the section numbers in which the standards and codes are referenced. ~2b^^'(}6:4Wa[Vg33iI$z Codes are technical documents and every word, term and punctuation mark can impact the meaning of the code text and the intended results.
NFPA 54, Chapter 8 Inspecting, Testing and Purging.
Butane has a BTU content of approximately 3,200 BTUs/cubic ft. 44 0 obj <>stream The code does require components to be listed for the given application, so I understand how they chose this compliance path but the products are not any safer. Typically, the total developed length of pipe is determined from the gas piping regulator to the farthest piece of equipment. NFPA 54, Annex F Sizing of Venting Systems Serving Appliances Equipped with Draft Hoods, Category 1 Appliances and Appliances. It also covers pressure regulators, appliance connections and overpressure protection devices. In the United States, there are primarily two model fuel gas codes. The text of NFPA 54 should be consulted for the complete language of these and other requirements. Propane and butane are often supplied in high-pressure liquid cylinders and at lower pressures will be in a gaseous state.
Propane use is common in rural areas and has 2,500 BTUs/cubic ft. @`iV{o8/_~8IBd/M_b_QiAx@`zLOq&s They produced power and sold it to nearby industrial facilities. 37 0 obj <> endobj 64 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<288A4236DABC4289BE454707920657F9>]/Index[37 53]/Info 36 0 R/Length 120/Prev 196017/Root 38 0 R/Size 90/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream An existing gas appliance installation is required to be inspected for combustion air and venting code compliance when the building structure that it is installed in is modified with specific air infiltration-reducing changes. A concentration of gas above 15 percent will generally not burn because the fuel-to-air ratio is too rich for combustion. NFPA 54, Annex A Explanatory Material. NFPA 54, Chapter 10 Installation of Specific Appliances. Over the years, fuel gas systems have been installed in accordance with various model fuel gas codes and various editions of the model or local codes. 5 0 obj As stated in Section 102.8, these standards and codes become an enforceable part of the code (to the prescribed extent of the reference) as if printed in the body of the code. A simple cap or plug can prevent a disaster. Gas piping systems are sized to supply the maximum demand while maintaining the supply pressure necessary for safe operation of the appliances served. After determining the CFH of gas for a section of pipe, using the appropriate gas pressure table and overall piping system length, professionals can select the pipe size from the tables in the code. The most common fuel gas is natural gas. I have investigated many explosions and fires associated with uncapped gas lines that leaked fuel gas. Low-pressure gas can be expressed in psi, inches of water column (wc) or ounces (oz) of pressure. 8ud 68Y& 4~T-uo 6-)dK\Q d05&C&&Z!_o&g"IsZiJjS CE*B,^-Okc,Xs,@4xKbc@1;BAFIMxI^e j:=} }9.-ps)P_}xEoIX=\*|Ex \V@sc9:iJ5Kj>B4(CGh?8ZA This chapter covers general appliance requirements, and requirements for a long list of different appliances. It covers direct-vent appliances, integral-vent appliances, side-wall mechanically vented appliances and exhaust hoods that convey the combustion byproducts from cooking and other process appliances.
Some local jurisdictions do not automatically adopt the latest version of the model code.
The minimum allowed wall thickness of carbon and stainless-steel pipe is revised to Schedule 10; however, joints on Schedule 10 pipe cannot be made with screwed fittings. <<
Generally, natural gas has a caloric value of 1,000 British thermal units/cubic ft. This chapter covers some general equipment and accessory requirements, accessibility and clearance requirements, air for combustion and ventilation, appliances on roofs, appliances in attics, appliance and equipment connections to building piping, electrical requirements and room temperature thermostat requirements. of pressure. $.'
This chapter lists all the product and installation standards and codes referenced throughout Chapters 1 through 7. Gas piping does not require a separate bonding connection unless one of the following situations occurs: Where there are gas appliances with electrical connections that are connected to ungrounded wiring systems (i.e., two-pronged plugs). The following is a review of both codes. C@bLU (i\[,h1pS[}Pc V.9~5R-kg8Oxa+GE\,e6V+ . The amount of combustion air required for butane is 32 cubic ft. of air for every cubic foot of gas or 1 cubic ft. of air for every 100 BTUs. That means natural gas is lighter than air and will dissipate when released into the atmosphere. A fuel gas code, like any other code, is intended to be adopted as a legally enforceable document and it cannot be effective without adequate provisions for its administration and enforcement. Following is a summary of the major changes to the National Fuel Gas Code for 2018 edition: 1. The flammability range of natural gas is from 3.9 percent to 15 percent volume in air.
The user of the code should know that terms defined in the code are generally italicized in the code text. hTmo0+'V>KP&@QTCD This chapter regulates the design, construction, installation, maintenance, repair and approval of chimneys, vents, venting systems and their connections to gas-fired appliances. This will shut off the fuel when the flue gas temperature reaches the temperature limit of the connected plastic flue pipe material, whatever the temperature/material may be. /OPM 1 /SM 0.001 %%EOF >> 9#NIy[? C..r U5V7 Bo|?D@A@Kb6hCWq}/r/sWg]5k#xx>Jv]9j(j=x,*[T/*o,o This chapter covers adjusting the burner input, primary air adjustment, safety shut-off devices, automatic ignition, protective devices, checking the draft and operating instructions.
Older construction methods allowed more infiltration that was factored into combustion air requirements. 11 0 obj <> endobj Plastic flue gas piping is now approved if it meets the tests in this new standard. Therefore, 1/2 lb. Properly designed chimneys, vents and venting systems are necessary to conduct to the outdoors the flue gases produced by the combustion of fuels in appliances. Natural gas. It also establishes the rights and privileges of the design professional, the contractor and the property owner. >N0N4Ea>$n!d%l11$r$`tL_@`!Ylj/t'G0O%|0]vb3thE_# ?Wjfs BriD9 The definitions are essential to the correct interpretation of the code and the user may not always be aware the terms are defined in this chapter when they are using the code. NFPA 54, Chapter 1 Administration. NFPA 54, Annex E Flow of Gas through Fixed Orifices. Sizing tables. 3. NFPA 54, Annex C Suggested Method of Checking for Leakage. This chapter covers general reference text, NFPA reference publications, other reference publications and references for extracts in mandatory sections. Chapter 10 of NFPA 54 provides clearances for many types of unlisted appliances. O)CmQ{;]S11?2EJ4' K{ stream Higher-pressure systems may use ball valves or other approved valves.
The specific gravity of natural gas is 0.65, while air has a specific gravity of 1. The amount of combustion air required for propane is 25 cubic ft. of air for every cubic ft. of gas or 1 cubic ft. of air for every 100 BTUs. 2.
>-x&,m`t'_v2NG1=re3fF%c0K_Gf?['YdfGI0.JF#c$x6- $"BJMkrp\S4 Over the years, many additions have been made to incorporate important safety requirements. These gases when designed, installed and maintained properly can provide a relatively clean-burning energy source for fuel-burning equipment such as generators, boilers, water heaters, furnaces, infrared heaters, cooking equipment, fireplaces and many other fuel-burning appliances. G0,%ZPWPK .
Piping connections to equipment should have a gas shut-off valve with a dirt leg and a union for removal of the equipment. |ry\dLbT3+4tGIf [a.=@p @{t'@a0>@90*a ?.wnZ%93gf5i|>g[{ !-@FX]JW_OHqt ZzF;%tMC`Y!R3':j[AvKS{D=N/uRL]bssZBs-7g5ft}Njf$}gR3>l:]d'u,|E"}BV{b)c$YHB4\z~='cAQS~.ooz;,~WMQ?6vC7E! hbbd```b`` d The caloric value helps to determine the cubic ft./hr. +.T endstream endobj 11 0 obj <>stream hbbd```b``z"`@$ 0L`0L&Y&l +D*`]_- lNg [zK 2 endstream endobj startxref 0 %%EOF 89 0 obj <>stream Some local codes have addressed this by not allowing fuel gases that are heavier than air in basements. X EU
The flammability range of propane is from approximately 2.1 percent to I0.1 percent volume in air. With many recent fuel gas explosions and fires associated with fuel gas purging operations, NFPA 54 requires combustible gas detectors or indicators to be used when purging fuel gas lines or locating a leak during pressure testing of new or modified gas piping systems. This appendix is informative and not part of the code. .zTjDi)e/Rmn@xYdOpFa4V*l!V0x!5xKYg%thkyXoG#u0`~-|,j:n2?^ )R$V/Fa ,F IFGC Chapter 1 Scope and Administration. NFPA 54, Annex H Indoor Combustion Air Calculation Examples. HWmoNa?E))V`$but,I= r3+nnX BVi
hbbd``b`$|f vH\ 7H* When designing fuel gas systems, the design professional or installer should determine which code has jurisdiction in the municipality where the project will be built. During a maintenance check to get the furnace running, they noticed the combustion air pressure switch was not letting fuel into the combustion chamber (because the inlet filter was clogged), so maintenance worker No. NFPA 54, Chapter 12 Venting of Appliances. It contains multiple examples of how to apply the vent and chimney tables and methodologies of Chapter 5. NFPA 54, Annex G Recommended Procedure for Safety Inspection of an Existing Appliance Installation. Each plastic flue gas material has a different temperature rating or point where it starts to yield or melt. NFPA 54, Annex K Informational References. This chapter covers installation of underground piping, aboveground piping, concealed piping in buildings, piping in vertical chases, gas pipe turns, drips and sediment traps, outlets, manual gas shut-off valves, prohibited devices, systems containing gas-air mixtures outside the flammable range, systems containing flammable gas-air mixtures, electrical bonding and grounding, electrical circuits and electrical connections. EkyL+R&K9(34%`.Zxv8}=.$JB7_x?Wp&=shH?ga(.Ji. ?`q(>%h:++mM0cTPIVVy: It is heavier than air and will pool on the ground or in low places such as a basement when released into the atmosphere. Fuel gas systems can be a safe and economical choice for space heating, water heating or process applications if designed, installed and maintained properly.
Each main section applies to a unique type of gas-fired appliance and specifies the product standards to which the appliance must be listed. I have consulted on many fuel gas explosions where purging operations were conducted on new piping that had experienced odor fade because the gas had been in the pipe for an extended period. 7 0 obj <> endobj NFPA 54, Chapter 7 Gas Piping Installations.
The 2018 International Fuel Gas Code (IFGC). /Filter/FlateDecode stream hb``b``jc`a`fg@ ~+s|``$$)v GGLO~$X Subscribe to our newsletters & stay updated, IAPMO Seeks Hydrogen Fuel Gas Piping Task Group Members, ASA Appointed to the ICC Plumbing, Mechanical, and Fuel Gas Code Action Committee, Natural Gas Pipeline Systems On Site Distribution Strength Considerations, Emergency fixtures and emergency fixture mixing valve standards, Part 1, F.W. When an installation fails, the plastic pipe will melt or collapse and cause a leak of combustion products that have been known to lead to carbon monoxide incidents. NFPA 54, Annex D Suggested Emergency Procedure for Gas Leaks. We use cookies to provide you with a better experience. IFGC Chapter 7 Gaseous Hydrogen Systems. % 1 put a jumper wire across the safety switch contacts to get fuel into the combustion chamber.
This chapter covers minimum safe performance, general appliance venting requirements, specification of venting, design and construction, type of venting system to be used for positive or negative vent systems and for condensing vs. noncondensing vent systems. X.q_(]u < This chapter is specific to gaseous hydrogen generation, storage, distribution and utilization systems, appliances and equipment. endobj Knowing the caloric value of the fuel gas can help with pipe sizing. The orifices in the burner will be smaller for equipment using propane and even smaller for butane. In 1980, portions of the ASME B31.2 piping code were included. It also covers masonry, metal and factory-built chimneys, gas vents, single-wall metal flue pipes, through-the-wall vent terminations, condensation drains for condensing flues, vent connectors for category 1 appliances, vent connections for category 2, 3 and 4 appliances, draft hoods and draft controls, manually operated dampers, automatically operated vent dampers and obstruction if appliance vents. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies in accordance with our Cookie Policy. IFGC Chapter 4 Gas Piping Installations. aVG--K)4NV KR@T/6U*z._ARc'>m|M ",#(7),01444'9=82. of gas pressure. yK_xO$E"!\H#D/" w `T=@((C
%PDF-1.6 % 2 was called to investigate when the furnace did not light and factory workers were cold. JEN0}g,mul:Q$spUHxmUjdLnRe5=V"BCC9be;2 BFMz>b`b$ ;k-xJ#Y|G%cBt"e,^-BP37W,|eF|X~iZHo[[%C{ex0~OT~ c? The format of the IFGC allows each chapter to be devoted to a particular subject, except for Chapter 3, which contains general subject matters not extensive enough to warrant their own independent chapter.
The pressures are high to move large quantities of gas through a relatively small pipe. o'"sIq h:YlFZJ~`3r9a[6*M2[>_4Yw:ey_#3\/IH#w0di:YV`;Tofmd=}RD7nd'LecN42uqWLh0+.GcWibQsxlC"#ma-t YKFj&YCkc{tH=6qNI{=T[))0-E_\rf>=UPWq5uv1cfD[<70{%)uu'U?J4 !PtIURNI2Ie@;WF-^=ng'TC#ySC(smdD4r|F\ca[ c0"d*AyyJoZ32Sc2C?RUfVH$j`L +;k8(l& }T05oi^,gZ{-WXt&]lN[E^ !a"EU|N4YddwK cv_G6UQ_MyQFU6)e%>,;hCck[B" ZVG;:?dLfa6~qVn*)[P'6iVDav]H.t b2&[DSD3}rL1[9?2v]_:mm}2h;I=NgAf4/tA)u)7:B}Kw!tTTlWJ'z4 CdC They also can be a fire hazard. The sections in Chapter 6 add the special requirements that are specific to each type of appliance. NFPA 54, Chapter 9 Appliance, Equipment and Accessory Installation.
HUn7}WS!1w>**UlZ-<886 '?.DvE J@pTHS]9!t4;Hou+%|aD[*H6|2!=Q"_@1{Fh5G?Z6ik%1h)lGmmZb k5p!W7ks{f9at |{99H&$qhAS& pQarq/&`?.as7fV. .Dg^ @v@{nN }QEGNh; k /Subtype/Image "f~ $ b/t;DV H)"$f0I: QL`6`D$Y0, "#`5wAx-q`R D4Hn6&`X q$du %%v endstream endobj startxref 0 %%EOF 206 0 obj <>stream Butane is not as common as propane and is used mostly in rural areas. "!Td$*xX"!B[\M+ 5E@Phf 3ziinr!j"?i]|MaKE<>7o)af0Qxl1VARcmCIf1lay(v9ky:-r!kuj.V#r(q sPz}q%| or 8 oz. [/Separation/Black/DeviceGray 3 0 R] Similar conversions for propane require dividing the connected load in BTUs in a given section of pipe by 2,500 for propane and 3,200 for a butane system to determine the CFH of fuel gas. =Ih{J(,/Q&PBIkK0rX|{x]9VtS5)pmKsIqc$Uih.N_P}j HWM 0Skb nXY;e}(T*a1H|$az`N(Oo~C2d`$ IFGC Chapter 6 Specific Appliances.
Typically, in low-pressure piping systems, a lubricated gas cock is used.
J+J+J4+Jt*J)lfL`oFW1x}f7{{-o}@?@?j/<3aS.T| endstream endobj startxref endobj 1 0 obj NFPA 54, Chapter 13 Sizing of Category 1 Venting Systems.
/ColorSpace 4 0 R Like propane, butane will pool on the ground in low places and is subject to restriction in some codes. The manufacturers instructions should have the clearance information. endstream endobj 15 0 obj <>stream In older East Coast cities that have old cast-iron gas main piping, the gas utility cannot provide pressures above 1/4 psi to 1/2 psi to the gas regulator because the older cast-iron pipe mains could rupture, crack or leak fuel gas. /Type/ExtGState B&.FC,k0a revQP{{N C#(jh67NHujP&xecT6. Local jurisdictions may have adopted one of these model codes or provided their own code with a version of a model code with local amendments.
This chapter covers pressure testing and inspection, piping system leak check and purging requirements. The specific gravity of butane is 1.95, which is much heavier than air. pound equals 14 in. With newer, tighter construction, older appliances may need to have combustion air provided to assure proper combustion. O uz%:Q5D50yJ[Zyyh@s!9>[A-+OZCxRB9s0p\PP U`%~CPk6lB=!r?,zkA`PPG Qo endstream endobj 106 0 obj <>>> endobj 107 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/Properties<>/Shading<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 108 0 obj <>stream This chapter contains broadly applicable requirements related to appliance location and installation, appliance and systems access, protection of structural elements and clearances to combustibles, among others. The plastic pipe tests allow the same plastic pipe to be tested and listed for this application and the price is much higher for basically the same product except a sticker. At this point, it was a rich, sooty flame starved for air. hbbd``b`J@H0o@/Dq i]&L@00Cg oM
Refer to section 1.1.1.2 of the NFPA 54 Fuel Gas Code for a list of applications NFPA 54 does not cover.
Propane also is a common fuel gas in rural areas where the gas delivery is in liquid form; it evaporates into the piping system at lower pressures. The specific gravity of propane is 1.52. This column covers the 2018 edition. This italicization helps the user become familiar with and consult the definitions chapter. Chapter 2 is the repository of the definitions of terms used in the body of the code. /BitsPerComponent 8 hb``f``Rb UiY8AG> Q : Any concentration of natural gas below 3.9 percent will not ignite because there is not enough fuel-to-air ratio for combustion or it is often said to be too lean for combustion. Piping in concealed spaces or under floors should be double-wall piping with the outer pipe vented to the outside. Some industrial or heavy gas users may use up to 5 psi.
It also covers fuel gas sizing equations. Propane. The flammability range of butane is from approximately 1.9 percent to 8.6 percent volume in air. One psi equals approximately 28 wc or 16 oz. I experienced this in a forensic investigation where a furnace not maintained properly would not fire properly. This chapter covers pipe sizing methods, sizing of natural gas piping systems and sizing of propane piping systems. j_3_=>|L`DR $ -N I]~.?_@]w}O'wySLLGx%%d9%_>/UUEp0lp}2w/_1[ B8 Other projects used captured methane gas from wastewater treatment plants to run engines that drove air compressors for the aeration process at the wastewater plant. Gas piping installations where the pipe enters the building below grade have been responsible for many building explosions and fires.
%PDF-1.4 As with all codes, it is important to determine which code edition applies in a given jurisdiction for a given time period. hb```a``f`c`hcf@ aPcM|/,u|N0>|\gnNu/pAEmynsf(x,zex Natural gas is typically piped from the gas fields to utility companies in high-pressure piping mains that can see pressures in the thousands of psi. 105 0 obj <> endobj 154 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<25E480994A3345EC825AF9E95805AA4F>]/Index[105 102]/Info 104 0 R/Length 177/Prev 1093407/Root 106 0 R/Size 207/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream b@tcv:4rGX bq@^j.prz:hA2<4JCh3@i8 0r7R7+kEx,##GXPOLP*,Vfx*i 8rT>=_NQ]~G\:mK$Q1qcy%i6hxYdp-!rZJ)A x(zv P[-G rMylc!bneLJfJ m) }StB-*-oV*o6KS$M@RCrJ^#t88K ^]tVC/}o`7gM,zWt?}HOK g[C }i['i7p* #;1B|uv(6M0FG}I13a"&6 a3i=LI$"L;z7hm"-}v8b(bLU8o5.!)4v,:)cJ;\;Lk,Lb3aE!5Acc:"3m LB$N1@C6nQdE'qI8f&9f,B3qN/bD;k&q"pOaL*?C^n rd098gzVSWNNj$Focc`''SYncv5m$&Iucx,f70)`tE96|} vm0gO y:44U:JCO@|uEzg Fuel gas piping is generally not allowed to enter a building below grade. endobj x)+HsyO H$/$^D/?_>Czq n w94i/ 8N>anTfZ*
2 0 obj C NFPA 54, Chapter 5 Gas Piping System Design, Materials and Components.
of the fuel gas required for the application. 6. 7. This appendix is informative and not part of the code. Webb Launches Remote Monitoring System for Fuel Dealers, Elkay Partners with 3M to Provide Filtered Water for 3M Open Attendees, APR Supply Co. President and CEO Scott Weaver Rides to End ALZ, SFPE Forum on Fire Protection Engineering: Challenges in Storage, IAPMO 93rd Annual Education and Business Conference. Butane and mixed gases are less common fuel gases but found occasionally. 0 The pressure often is reduced to about 1/2 psi or 14 in. Press-connect fittings are now an acceptable joining method for fuel gas pipe. 20 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<3E097BD0C2A6BA469EF6226704E090F8><35D24E8CB52A3845B91A12206F5A0F6C>]/Index[7 24]/Info 6 0 R/Length 74/Prev 48061/Root 8 0 R/Size 31/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream 5.
IFGC Chapter 8 Referenced Standards. This chapter covers piping plans, a provision for location of the point of delivery, interconnections between gas piping systems, sizing of gas piping systems, operating pressure, acceptable piping materials and joining methods, gas meters, gas pressure regulators, overpressure protection devices, backpressure protection, low-pressure protection, shut-off valves, excess flow valves, and expansion and flexibility. For each chapter. Gas piping valves should be rated for the required pressure and have a fuel gas service rating. For example, if a pipe had a connected load that required 200,000 BTUs per hour, it would be a demand of 200 CFH. Around the time, the UPC and UMC had chapters covering fuel gas piping installations. 8. hp(nZX/B*!#Um149(o Pz3({78"g9_i:O" The provisions of this chapter are intended to minimize the hazards associated with high temperatures and potentially toxic and corrosive combustion gases. Revisions to the venting requirements include requiring listing to the appropriate UL standards for plastic venting materials, factory-built chimneys, Type B and BW vents, chimney lining systems and special gas vents.
Plastic flue gas venting materials were recently added to the fuel gas codes because many high-efficiency equipment manufacturers were utilizing plastic pipe instead of stainless-steel flue pipe. The caloric value per cubic foot can range from about 950 BTUs/cubic ft. to 1,100 BTUs/cubic ft., depending on the gas utilities caloric value for their gas. They chose the developing a standard route rather than focusing on requiring temperature-limiting switches or flue gas temperature sensors for fuel gas appliances that want to use plastic flue pipe. The National Fuel Gas Code (NFPA 54) is the oldest fuel gas code in the United States. This chapter covers qualified agencies, interruption of service, prevention of accidental ignition and noncombustible material. As you can see, there are several chapters in the NFPA 54 not found in the IFGC. It provides design guidance, useful facts and data, and multiple examples of how to apply the sizing tables and sizing methodologies of Chapter 4. When using natural gas, the designer should determine the BTU requirements for each section of piping and divide by 1,000 BTUs/cubic ft. of gas to get the cubic ft./hr. aP|>y|(" w Note that hydrogen is not within the definition of fuel gas, but it is, nonetheless, commonly used as a fuel for fuel-cell power generation and fuel-cell-powered motor vehicles. >> The purging requirements are important for new installations that experience odor fade where the odorant (ethyl mercaptan) can dissipate to undetectable levels by smell.
>>
Listed fuel-gas-burning appliances are required to have a label attached to the appliance describing required clearances. 5v5jvu`w;usw[izo}(y,M6:7oLw$f>7A/UZc p}=^M6SF}UQ2 #u\?I~5xC9kr)9gsl \, Aqc 6S%&{?2 32TX|$ci#$o00=@wBr KQ S4 endstream endobj 38 0 obj <>>> endobj 39 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 40 0 obj <>stream There can be variances if large industrial boilers, furnaces or other equipment require higher pressures to operate. Check the fuel gas appliance manufacturers recommendations for minimum and maximum gas pressures for the equipment to operate properly. >> ]9N>4`7Vy>99}oKeL^o5{MW=kb}Y}ss`t:N|B`'n+| 9Ai Over the past 40 years, I have been involved with the design of fuel gas systems, inspection of fuel gas installations and investigation of fuel gas system explosions and fires that have led to the loss of life and property. When soil around the fuel gas pipe shifts or settles, it creates a void along the pipe where gas leaks, far away from the building. IFGC Chapter 5 Chimneys and Vents. endstream endobj 12 0 obj <> endobj 13 0 obj <> endobj 14 0 obj <>stream hb``d``g =Y8a3CpX.H*i!-zaa`&7@ W3 This code change has me concerned. /Length 34 This chapter covers additional requirements for single-appliance vents and multiple-appliance vents.
It consists of a figure and notes that visually depict code requirements from Chapter 5 for vent terminals concerning the openings found in building exterior walls. T&q0059W.PK u%G*/{og- C L;[ib>!vD@\A?:?rusN,}{:lSNhY,4JhjxknB9IRQ,Lc w.Vu* An appliances electrical grounding connector is permitted to be used as the bonding means for a listed arc-resistant jacket or coated corrugated stainless-steel tubing (CSST), and stainless-steel smooth wall pipe and tubing products have been added as acceptable piping materials. NFPA 54, Chapter 4 General. SWg!hu[JxN[L|Yr ejoG%VSlOSpkkKiZ gW U_Hy$~iW|_ endstream endobj 109 0 obj <>stream