German agents who were determined to prevent American munitions shippers from supplying its English enemy during the First World War. After a short visit in Hawaii, she arrived in her WestPac home port of Subic Bay on 25 June. She participated in type and 1st Fleet training operations until 1 June when she deployed to WestPac. llOl), as amended, and related statutes to aid in the development, promotion, and operation of the American merchant marine, Maritime is responsible also for the maintenance and preservation of vessels in the National Defense Reserve Fleet (NDRF). of the Army 1st Cavalry Division went to Vietnam aboard the baby flattops Ships from United States. more. After the Great War, ammunition was stored stateside, near the heavy populated communities in the east. The SS E.A. Mount Katmai was decommissioned and struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 14 August 1973. She reached Yorktown, Va., 13 June for supply duty along the east coast from Gravesend Bay to Norfolk into September 1957. The explosives are primarily in divisions 1.1 and 1.5. Only two men of the 198 Coast Guardsmen aboard survived. Two new depots were established inland at less populated sites near Savanna, Illinois, and Ogden, Utah. var lo = new MutationObserver(window.ezaslEvent); The ship exploded, showering the city with blazing cotton, sinking or badly damaging 21 ships, and killing and wounding nearly 1,400 people. Until early 1970 Victory-class ships under General Agency Agreements were the principal class of ships used to transport ammunition to Southeast Asia. The Navy also used helicopters for vertical replenishment. They should be recognized as veterans. two thirds of U.S. troops to Vietnam; later, most American troops traveled The blast was so intense that other ships in the harbor lost most of their crews and freight cars were blown two miles inland. During this deployment, she rearmed approximately 50 ships before the war ended. While 863 0 obj <> endobj You may not use more than On May 12, 1975, the SS Mayaguez was seized by Kmer Rouge. These delays within the United States that were caused by crew shortages resulted in additional operating costs of about $49,000.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[970,90],'globalsecurity_org-banner-1','ezslot_7',135,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-globalsecurity_org-banner-1-0'); Ammunition shipments to Southeast Asia were also delayed considerably as a result of crew shortages. MSTS delivered bulldozers, cranes, By 1967 as troops rotated to Vietnam in small groups or individually, fewer soldiers went by surface; most were airlifted to the theater. Center, Department of the Navy, 1994 After a three-month overhaul period and type training, she left San Francisco on 31 August and arrived back at Subic Bay on 24 September. This is the largest single loss of life in the history of the Coast Guard. I love being a Navy Veteran and ammunition ship "survivor." ROGER KORTH There were sixteen rail cars on the pier with another 429 tons. Mount Katmai was involved in normal support operation off the Pacific coast when the Korean War began. The activated vessels were designed and constructed prior to or during World War II. Kings Pointer, Fall 1982, Merchant The AE 11 Mount Hood was a merchant acquired by USN on 28 January 1944 and converted to ammunition ship. Mount Katmai was underway from Subic Bay on 11 March 1968, and arrived San Francisco on 28 March. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Compiled from 10 years of Naval Crew members were given Navy grades and rank USS Yorktown (CV-10 / CVA-10 / CVS-10) Conventionally-Powered Aircraft Carrier. Ships from United States. Of 20 of 46 scheduled GAA vessel sailings from the Naval Ammunition Depot, Bangor, Washington, for the 6-month period ended October 15, 1968, 10 loaded vessels were delayed a total of 56 days because the necessary crewmen were not available at the time the vessels were scheduled to depart. ins.style.display = 'block'; There were several major ammunition explosions during World War II. Status. Each of the services had an inventory control point which controls and distributes that service's ammunition. In 2006, the U.S. Navy began replacing the older ammunition ships (T-AE) and combat stores ships (T-AFS) with dry cargo/ammunition ships (T-AKE). An October 1973 article in Military Sealift Command's "Sealift Magazine" states there were 138 enemy actions against MSC chartered and owned ships, which resulted in 16 deaths and 45 wounded during the period May 1964 to November 1972. The list contains five categories of ships that operated on the waters of Vietnam. The most notable assets to using the LCAC are easy loading and offloading capability and access to magazines. After the explosion, the Navy would institute a number of changes in munitions handling procedure. That morning the French freighter Mont Blanc, carrying 5,000 tons of TNT steamed into Halifax's outer harbor and proceeded at half speed up the narrows, while the Norwegian steamship Imo crossed the Mont Blanc's bow two miles ahead. additional information about action and casualties in Vietnam. During the early 1960s, MSTS ships Core (T-AKV 13) and Card (T-AKV 40) transported Army helicopter units to South Vietnam. Vietnam's electric vehicle maker VinFast said on Monday it had shipped a second batch of 1,879 longer-range VF 8 sport utility vehicles (SUVs), as it seeks to expand its foothold in overseas markets. USS Haleakala (AE-25) was a Nitro-class ammunition ship of the United States Navy in service from 1959 to 1993. Ammunition ships provided much-needed ordnance to ships on the gun line and the. Of the 320 men killed in the explosion, 202 were the African-American enlisted men who were assigned the dangerous duty of loading the ships. An Ammunition Ship (AE) is a ship designed or fitted out to deliver ammunition and missiles to the fleet while at sea. A peak in the State of Washington. * uncertain if Bunker Hill was in Vietnam service. Mount Hood AE 11 - class Suribachi AE 21 - class Kilauea T-AE 26 - class Unfortunately, after the collision, a fire started, and the crewmen tried to put it out rather than scuttle the ship. Sabotage became a national issue. 884 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<3A7B95716BD0624F95B5FFD2D025FE14>]/Index[863 38]/Info 862 0 R/Length 98/Prev 286153/Root 864 0 R/Size 901/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream The overloaded port facilities and the operational necessity to selectively discharge cargo to get high priority cargo ashore before less urgently required items resulted in excessive ship turn-around time which increased the total number of ships required. Another problem that exists while using the helicopters is the possibility of ordnance being dropped and lost to the ocean. The explosion was so severe that it caused extensive damage for miles. trains, riverboats, barges, helicopters, bombers, fighters, reconnaissance ins.style.width = '100%'; She was then ordered to proceed to Hawaii via the Panama Canal. Hit by enemy fire in Qui Nhon harbor while waiting to offload ammunition. This means that all, or nearly all, of the explosive compound within a given load or device will detonate instantaneously, producing a blast overpressure of supersonic velocity. Returning the next day when the page on the Internet or in published material please notify usmm.org @ In response to this emergency, the shipping industry offered a substantial number of ships for charter to the Military Sealift Command for initial periods of 3 to 6 months. However, Korean troops were transported by MSTS throughout the United States Navy ammunition ships carried gunpowder and other munitions, such as shell and/or cannon ball, to ships in the field. When the buildup began, the port continued to operate in this fashion. . [SS Overseas Rose with LST-353, while loading mortar ammunition in preparation for the Saipan operation, burst into flame and exploded with a series of great roars that were heard all over the island and far out to sea. This allow for a swift transition from magazine to carrier. Cargo requirements continued to escalate until a peak of 30.6 million measurement tons was reached in fiscal year 1969. Besides ammunition and explosives, she also carried general cargo and some passengers. By 1965 MSTS had 300 freighters of SS Mayaguez by Khmer Rouge forces in May 1975. USS Okinawa (LPH-3) Landing Platform Helictoper / Amphibious Assault Ship. 07-07-2011 12:37:45 ZULU. ins.className = 'adsbygoogle ezasloaded'; planes, food, fuel, and medical supplies. US marines Bryan detonated in one massive explosion. 900 0 obj <>stream container.style.maxHeight = container.style.minHeight + 'px'; on the USAT General R. L. Howze as a refugee of World War II.]. @media only screen and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px) { Within a few days, she was underway for rearming operations in the South China Sea, servicing the carrier strike groups and combatant ships off Vietnam. by cross-leveling amongst three vice two ammo container ships. . The Navy abandoned plans to salvage the deserted and burning ship on 01 January 1970, and the vessel eventually sank. MTMTS, under the Department of the Army, arranged with MSC for ships and coordinates the movement of the cargo to the ports. Between 1965 and 1969, MSTS carried 7.6 million tons of supplies for the Air Force, about half going directly to Vietnam, the rest to staging areas in the Pacific. Haleakala was commissioned 3 November 1959, with Captain Miles P. Refo, III in . These delays while awaiting crewmen cost the Government about $196,000 in operating costs. MSTS had four separate The USS PYRO (AE-24) deployment history and significant events of her service career follow: AE-24 Deployments - Major Events AE-24 General Specifications Class: Nitro-class ammunition ship Complement: 331 Displacement: 8300 tons Length: 512 feet Beam: 72 feet Draft: 29 feet USS PYRO (AE-24) The problem was further aggravated by a shortage of shallow draft vessels both military (LCMs and LCUs) and civilian assets, which were used for offloading cargo from deep draft vessels at ports not having adequate berthing facilities for the larger ships. The situation was compounded by the Army's responsibility for offloading Air Force munitions at Cam Ranh and Saigon. The crew fought for 9 days to steady the cargo and several times changed the course in attempts to find calm seas. and tankers supplying Vietnam, with an average of 75 ships and over 3,000 By December 31, 1970, the number of time charter ships had been further reduced to 63. The Military Sea Transportation were killed by mines, rockets, snipers, and explosions. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. ins.style.minWidth = container.attributes.ezaw.value + 'px'; This means that the accessibility of in-stream discharge lighterage out of sector will be extremely limited. var alS = 2021 % 1000; if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[580,400],'globalsecurity_org-medrectangle-4','ezslot_5',127,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-globalsecurity_org-medrectangle-4-0'); But such equipment frequently proved to belong to South Vietnam and the US Army had no authority to move it. Ammunition Ship. Without a Front." By the beginning of the twentieth century, Black Tom was serving as a major munitions depot. Also, some berth service operators were reluctant to carry military cargo to Vietnam because of the potential risks, the extreme delays in unloading cargo in that area, and the resultant disruption of their commercial berth service. Lot integrity was maintained by ships' holds to the maximum extent practicable. In October 1966 the converted Liberty ship SS Benjamin Chew and USS BUTTE, named for Butte, Montana, was built at the General Dynamics ship yard in Quincy, Massachusetts. The Mont Blanc's captain attempted to minimize the potential of his cargo exploding by maneuvering his ship so that the forward hold, containing no TNT, would be struck. While this maximized the use of ship bottoms, it created difficulties in Vietnam, because offloading by cargo nets and hooks was required and ammunition lot integrity had to be re-established within the depots. and kept some of its 19 ammunition ships anchored offshore near combat It was this disaster that stirred American leaders to empower the Coast Guard to ensure that this never happened in the United States. Civilian lighterage as well as military landing craft, primarily LCMs and LCUs were used for this purpose. Pages in category "Vietnam War auxiliary ships of the United States" The following 124 pages are in this category, out of 124 total. On the morning of 10 November 1944, while she was moored at the Manus Naval Base, Admiralty Islands, AE 11 Mount Hood's cargo of explosives detonated in a massive blast. app. In April 1967, the first deep draft vessel was discharged at the Newport facility. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. On a hillside above the harbor, a suburb of Halifax called Richmond was completely devastated. Most of this ammunition was shipped to Southeast Asia. Ammunition is considered to be a "stovepipe" commodity in that it is requisitioned and reported on through a single channel. It consisted of ten deep draft berths. From these ports it was loaded aboard ships or aircraft and moved either to Vietnam directly or to Okinawa which provided backup support. and a flotilla of 26 Vietnam Navy ships . war, with the first 2,000 coming on the MSTS Mann in March 1965. . The location and situation at Diego Garcia affords the opportunity to exceed normal port anchorage restrictions. By 10 April 1975, MSC had transported to Phu Quoc 130,000 American and Vietnamese refugees. A Coast Guard Aids to Navigation (ATON) Detail was set up in Saigon to coordinate workloads for these visits as well as keeping buoys and range markers lighted. Naval warships were resupplied from ammunition ships which all hoped were more discreetly located. the SS Meredith Victory were added as troop carriers. USS Firedrake (AE-14) during an underway replenishment with USS Kitty Hawk off the coast of Vietnam circa 1963. Merchant Marine served This process definitely slowed the transfer of ammunition, but again, it did not beat the pallets up. The ammunition ship delivered ammunition to forward bases, such as Buckner Bay and Beppu, and replenished warships at sea, especially aircraft carriers. Most of the buildings were virtually knocked to the ground. Naval Warfare. steel and cement for use by Navy Seabees. are typically defined as explosive arcs around a particular anchorage site. Some hull damage. Since the turn-in of the two leased Heavy Lift Prepo Ships (M/V American Cormorant and the M/V Strong Virginian) as well as the pending loss of the SS Gopher State Auxiliary Crane Ship, all Army watercraft will be prepositioned within two combatant command geographical areas. 2fLH)` e@f@`H(X$eU=1.9xX030gJs`}iMgG6n H1~] chartered ships delivered to many ports in Vietnam during this "War 1962. "The As a result, cargo ships of the Military Sealift Command (MSC), costing thousands of dollars a day, were forced to sit idle waiting to be worked. American Merchant Marine in the Vietnam Conflict." Maritime entered into GAAs with private shipping companies for operation of the activated vessels assigned to them. The only thing that prevented a larger loss of life was that the accident site was isolated from the large population centers of San Francisco and Oakland. In July 1965, Maritime, at the request of the Navy's Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS), began to withdraw vessels from NDRF and activate them for use only in support of military activities in Southeast Asia. The General Agency Agreement Victory ships were retired from service in April 1970 because (1) DOD lift requirements were reduced and (2) the commercial merchant fleet had ships available in sufficient quantities to satisfy projected DOD lift requirements. In 1965 Air Force tonnage alone increased from 2,576 short tons in January to 23,000 Short tons in December 1965. On 22 July 1950 she deployed from San Francisco to WestPac, arriving in the combat zone on 18 August. miles from Boston to Vietnam, the longest trooplift in U.S. military history. Capture and Release Notably, where the cable stations were set up, was in a confined space that challenged the most seasoned forklift driver. to transport the 434 aircraft and other equipment. She reached Subic Bay on 20 August for receipt of ammunition, then began operations in the Vietnam area. Stores ships provided food and other resources to strengthen Sailors bodies and morale. Rescue planes and ships found no sign of the 26 missing men, some of whom were last seen clinging to life rafts in 20 foot seas. The guy who carried the M60, affectionately called "The Pig", carried around 200 rounds, the "assistant gunner" who would feed ammo while the gunner was firing and "ammo bearer" each carried 400 rounds. Mount Hood Class Ammunition Ship: Laid down, date unknown, as SS Winged Racer, a Maritime Commission type (C2-S-AJ1) hull, under Maritime Commission contract . North Vietnam. The Saigon Port was a civilian port under the management control of the Republic of Vietnam's governmental port authority. Also, during this period, several other ports throughout Vietnam were in the construction phase. MTMTS provided support for the Vietnam War through cargo operations at its Military Ocean Terminals at Oakland CA, (MOTBA), Bayonne, New Jersey (MOTBY) and Sunny Point, NC (MOTSU) as well as commercial ports. The 1st Logistical Command made this known to Commander U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, who directed his staff to develop plans for the facilities now known as Newport. In 1994, the ship was decommissioned, and in 2012, she was taken for recycling. 0 On 21 May 1944 an ammunition ship exploded in West Loch in Pearl Harbor. In cases where shore docking did not occur, the evidence must show that the ship operated in Vietnam's close coastal waters for extended periods, that members of the crew went ashore, or that smaller vessels from the ship went . Cargo shipped directly to Vietnam, for the most part, was initially received at the Saigon water port or the Tan Son Nhut airport. During the Vietnam War, USS Pyro supported the Seventh Fleet in combatant missions. See details for shipping. 07/04/75 south vietnam: us ammunition ship unloads - 07/04/75 min nam vit nam: tu n dc hoa k d hng xung. Depot issues for 1966-1968 approximated receipts each month, frustrating the attainment of the stockage objective to the extent that the stockage objective was only attained and maintained for two months in early 1968 when the stockage objective was decreased by 74,500 tons. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Within six seconds, a deeper explosion erupted as the contents of the E.A. The US Navy's Military Sealift Command (named MSC in September 1970) and its predecessor, the Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS), supported U.S forces throughout the conflict in Southeast Asia. They brought mail, Hueys, ammunition, food, medical MSTS and the Merchant The problems in Continental US ports encompassed an initial lack of adequate ship bottoms, the glutting of ports with ammunition cargo, and an inadequate number of berthing facilities. This replenishment was not attempted in actual forward assault areas. 51. These mariners those named on the Vietnam Memorial, "The Wall." . The following 124 pages are in this category, out of 124 total. The Commerce Department's Maritime Administration [MARAD] is responsible for the administration of programs authorized by the Merchant Marine Act, 1936 (46 U.S.C. ins.id = slotId + '-asloaded'; USNS Kula Gulf and Point Cruz which were taken out of mothballs ***Our website URL has changed. Headquarters Support Activity Saigon never knew from day to day how many berths or which berths would be made available to them for the unloading of U.S. cargo. On 5 July she was underway for Yankee Station, to rearm carriers and their escorts. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. However, as a result of the Vietnam buildup, the actual cargo the Command was required to move totaled 20.9 million measurement tons. Military cargo was treated very much as commercial or Agency for International Development cargo, with little emphasis on specialized development of surface or air distribution methods, facilities, or equipment. The Kilauea class ammunition ship is a class of eight United States Navy cargo vessels designed for underway replenishment of naval warships. During the 3-year period ended December 31, 1968, 592 of 1,405 scheduled GAA vessel sailings were delayed as a result of crew shortages. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press The MSTS Corpus Christi Bay, which housed As the two ships approached, there was great confusion regarding which ship had the right of way. Ammunition ships provided much-needed ordnance to ships on the gun line and the carriers on Yankee and Dixie Stations. The Command maintained that newer ships being added to the fleet are not designed, for the most part, to carry breakbulk type cargo. Haas had served on the ammunition ship USS Mount Katmai off the coast of Vietnam during August 1967-April 1969. . USS RAINER (AE-5) - a Lassen-class ammunition ship In Commission 1941 to 1970 AE-5 Deployments - Major Events AE-5 General Specifications Class: Lassen-class ammunition ship Named for: Mount Rainier Complement: 280 Officers and Enlisted Length: 459 feet Beam: 63 feet Draft: 25 feet 11 in Final Disposition: Unknown USS RAINER (AE-5) quc hn 30/4/1975: ti si gn: 07/04/7. This page is not available in other languages. Fire on the John Harvey caused a mustard-laden smoke that spread through the city, producing eye inflammation, choking, pulmonary signs and symptoms, and burns. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); USS Pyro (AE-24) set numerous performance records among ammunition ships. MSTS carried guns, tanks, trucks, ships) during the particularly hazardous 35 mile river transit to Saigon: [Security for arrival of the of SS Mayaguez by Khmer Rouge forces in May 1975, SS Korea, merchant mariners in Vietnam were subject to the Uniform Code of Just as in World War II and She departed Hong Kong on 1 December 1965, arriving San Francisco on 16 December. Destroyer Warship / Radar Picket Ship. The new T-AKE class of ammunition ship expected to enter the Fleet by 2007 is 140 ft longer than the T-AE class it is replacing. The quantity of ammunition moved to Vietnam averaged slightly under 40,000 short tons per month in 1966, approximately 75,000 short tons per month in 1967, and just under 90,000 short tons per month in 1968. On the night of 9-10 July 1943, an Allied armada of 2,590 vessels launched one of the largest combined operations of World War II- the invasion of Sicily. At mile 29 while transiting SAigon River en route to SAigon vessel was attached from shore by rockets and small arms. the coast of Vietnam to provide aircraft maintenance facilities. 92Qi M Major global commercial seaports that can offload a deep draft ammo container ship are surrounded by ingress and egress shipping lanes which significantly reduces potential portside offloads. On the evening of 17 July 1944, the empty merchant ship SS Quinault Victory was prepared for loading on her maiden voyage. From 1965 to 1973, MSTS maintained the massive military build-up in Indochina, delivering over 40,000 U.S. and allied troops and 99 percent of the ammunition and fuel and 95 percent of the supplies, vehicles, and construction materials dispatched to the combat theater. These ships are operated by the Navy's Military Sealift Command. their country. In addition to providing aircraft ordnance for airstrikes against North Vietnam, the ship also provided ammunition for ships engaged in support and interdiction shore fire missions along the entire Vietnamese coast. It was apparent that additional port facilities would be required in the Saigon area. evacuated about 10,000 refugees each. Manage Settings 38. A very interesting means of cross decking ammunition, the Con Replenishment also presented a couple noted challenges and observations as well. Six tank landing ships (LST-39, LST-43, LST-69, LST-179, LST-353, LST-480), three tank landing craft (LCT-961, LCT-963, LCT-983), and 17 track landing vehicles (LVTs) are destroyed in explosions and fires. The following 44 pages are in this category, out of 44 total. When the Germans hit Bari harbor in a surprise raid the night of 2 December 1943 they got 17 ships; among them was the John Harvey. State, and the SS Ocean Cloud. According to Maritime, the underlying cause of the problem was the lack of a sufficient number of qualified seamen to meet the needs of this emergency operation. The next day 14 crewmen were picked up by a Greek ship, the Khian Star, and a US Air Force HC-130 rescue plane dropped life rafts and dye marker at the site. She burned and exploded throughout the night 10-11 July 1943, revealing her cargo as an ammunition ship and furnishing a beacon for air attacks. Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) aircraft carrier Windham Bay, Early in the Vietnam War, troop That ordnance was being picked up by 2004. Her principal operations were conducted between ports which extended from Puget Sound on the west coast to as far north as Boston on the east coast. Ammunition was stored stateside, near the heavy populated communities in the.. East coast from Gravesend Bay to Norfolk into September 1957 cost the about! 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Port of Subic Bay on 11 March 1968, and in 2012, she arrived her! Caused extensive damage for miles more discreetly located reached in fiscal year 1969 port. Their legitimate business interest without asking for consent in type and 1st Fleet training operations until 1 when. The list contains five categories of ships used to transport ammunition to Southeast Asia typically defined as explosive around! Actual forward Assault areas tonnage alone increased from 2,576 short tons in December.! That it is requisitioned and reported on through a single channel vessel Register on 14 1973! Victory was prepared for loading on her maiden voyage ) Landing Platform Helictoper / Amphibious Assault ship rearmed approximately ships. Nhon harbor while waiting to offload ammunition exists while using the helicopters is the largest loss! Nitro-Class ammunition ship exploded in West Loch in Pearl harbor September 1957 or to Okinawa which provided backup.. In a cookie depots were established inland at less populated sites near Savanna, Illinois, and medical.... The first World War II Air Force munitions at Cam Ranh and Saigon the Saigon port was Nitro-class! Extremely limited English enemy during the Vietnam War, uss Pyro supported Seventh... 1944 an ammunition ship of the page across from the title approximately 50 ships before the ended.