168. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. In fact, in 445 BC, the Greek historian Herodotus wrote of the Ancient Egyptian pharaohs great seafaring and navigational skills. Black Jews of Africa History Religion Identity Oxford The Indian scholar, Rafique Jairazbhoy, has studied the ancient Egyptians and the Olmecs in great detail and has pointed to many other ritual parallels between the two groups. Muffett, p 155-163. Price This high culture is now known as the Olmec civilization. $.' Africans clearly played an intricate role in the Olmec Empires rise and that African influence peaked during the same period that ancient Black Egyptian culture ascended in Africa. Even among the Maya, where Dr. Hammond has found 2000 B.C. Many readers will find the evidence presented here startling. The Hispanic/Latino presence took on a whole new dimension in the 1840s with the annexation of half of Mexicos territory to 7-The Underrepresentation of African American Female, The Olmecs: An African Presence in Early America (In Celebration of Black History Month) By Paul A. Barton The Perspective February 28, 2001 According to an archeologist who recently participated in archeological work in Mexico, One of the most ancient civilizations in the Americas, the Black (Negritic) Olmecs developed a calendar that goes Revealing the African Presence in Renaissance Europe is the first exhibition to bring together a wide variety of works of art in diverse mediums that bear witness to the multiple aspects of the African presence in Europe in the Age of Exploration. There is not the slightest doubt that all later civilizations in [Mexico and Central America], rest ultimately on an Olmec base, once remarked Michael Coe, a leading historian on Mexico. On the very ceremonial court and platform where four of the African-type heads were found in the holy capital of the Olmec world, La Venta. endobj They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America. Their rights were severely limited, and they were long denied a . These substances are known to only be derived from American plants. 5. The Olmec an African Presence in Early America Ever since Christopher Columbus first suggested that Black Africans preceded him to the New World, a number of scholars have investigated this contention. Atlantic Africa and the Spanish Caribbean, Dr. Scobie was a major authority on the African presence in early Western Europe. The African presence is proven by stone heads, terra cottas, skeletons, artifacts, techniques and inscriptions, by oral traditions and documented history, by botanical, linguistic and cultural data. Van Sertima, Egypto-Nubian Presences in Ancient Mexico, p.70. Contrary to popular belief, African American history did not start with slavery in the New World. She is also W.E.B. Historian Nicholas Cheetham writes of the exaggeratedly Negroid features of the stone heads. In the following account the authors Anthony D. Hill, associate professor of drama at The Ohio State University, and Douglas Q. Barnett, director, producer, and founder of Black Arts/West in Seattle, discuss why they created the Historical Dictionary of African American Theater, the first comprehensive Read MoreThe Black Presence in Theater through the Centuries in the Historical . One of the worlds most renowned craniologists, Polish professor Andrzej Wiercinski, revealed to the 41st Congress of Americanists in Mexico in September 1974, that African skulls had been discovered at Olmec sites in Tlatilco, Cerro de las Mesas and Monte Alban. The work focuses largely on contact between Africa and America towards the close of the Bronze Age (circa 948-680 B.C.) There is now undisputed scientific proof that the first Americans were descended from Africans or Australian aborigines, according to evidence in a new BBC documentary. The king sent out 200 ships of men, and 200 ships of trade material, crops, animals, cloth and crucially African knowledge of astronomy, religion and the arts. One of these articles, African Popes, discussed the lives of the three African pontiffs: St. Victor I (189-199), St. Miltiades (311-314) and St In Egypt there are numerous sculptures depicting four figurines symbolically holding up the sky. I ask you: Are you ready for the showdown? Sitchin goes on stating that ther were two distinct fluxes of deities and people: one originated the myth of Viracocha, the other originated the myth of Quetzalcoatl. Pope Victor I (AD 189-199) popularized Latin as the common language of the church, thereby making Christianity more democratic and accessible to ordinary people. The existence of Negroes and giants is commonly believed by nearly all the races of our soil Several archaeological objects found in various locations demonstrate their existence Memories of them in the most ancient traditions induce us to believe that the Negroes were the first inhabitants of Mexico, Another authority, J.A. 102-117. ed. This is no longer possible. In addition to Mexican scholars, a number of others have described the colossal stone heads in terms similar to those of Melgar. The first civilization to appear in America, called the Olmec culture was founded by AfricansThe original Maya were probably AfricansThe Aztecs, Zapotecs, Toltecs, and Maya usually occupied. The unknown element is to the extent of population coverage, acculturation, architecture, and intercontinental travel. Its about time education policy makers reexamine their school curriculums to adjust for Americas long pre-Columbus history. Ivan Van Sertima. Raboteau has said, all African-American study "speaks to the deeper meaning of the African-American presence in this nation. "The African presence is proven by stone heads, terra cottas, skeletons, artifacts, techniques and inscriptions, by oral traditions and documented history, by botanical, linguistic and cultural data. One might merely ask himself: if Africans were not present in the Americas before Columbus, why the typically African physiognomy on the monuments? Ivan Van Sertima (1935-2009) was professor of African studies at Rutgers University. Ancient Egypt progressed from the original stepped pyramid of Djosser, to the more sophisticated finished product at Giza. Many web browsers, such as Chrome, Firefox, and Safari, now use their own PDF viewer instead of the Adobe PDF plug-in. Published online: 30 January 2020 Summary The presence of Africans in Asia and their migration around it is one of the least-studied subjects in all of Asian history. African Americans are mainly of African ancestry, but many have non-Black ancestors as well. The unmistakable face and handprint of black Africans in pre-Columbian America, and their overwhelming impact on the civilizations they encountered is undeniable. stream sites. Linda M. Heywood is Professor of African American Studies and History at Boston University. South American cocaine from Erythroxylon coca and nicotine from Nicotiana tabacum. In this book, Ivan Van Sertima explores his theory that Africans made landfall and had significant influence on the native peoples of Mesoamerica, primarily the Olmec civilization. 3 0 obj An overwhelming body of new evidence is emerging which proves that Africans had frequently sailed across the Atlantic to the Americas, thousands of years before Columbus and indeed before Christ. 4 0 obj The currents off Africa serve as veritable conveyor belts to the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico and the northeastern corner of South America. Further Reading "African American History in the American West." As Columbus Day (October 12) approaches and as we celebrate the 40, Ever since Christopher Columbus first suggested that Black Africans preceded him to the New World, a number of scholars have investigated this contention. On the very ceremonial court and platform where four of the African-type heads were found in the holy capital of the Olmec world, La Venta. What cultural impact did the outsiders have on American civilization?. Re-Genesis Encyclopedia: Synthesis of the Spiritual Dark Motherline, Integral Research, Labyrinth Learning, and EcoThealogy. Muslims first came to North America in the 1500s as part of colonial expeditions. 1995. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Nessuna recensione trovata nei soliti posti. Sitchin contends that the mesoamerican civilization rose because of the settlement of some of the Anunnaki in Mexico and in Per, moving from Sumer with the aid of some humans recruited in Sumer and in Western Africa (and Egypt). WHEAT David. Everybody has to become aware of this revision of history. Our focus here, however, is on the Negroid skulls and skeletons that have been discovered at ancient and medieval New World sites. 4. Stone carving of Negroid person found in area close to Washitaw Territories, Southern U.S. African presence in early America. A collection of essays by African American public intellectuals which have appeared in The Atlantic Monthly over the years. Stephen Jett in Riley, Kelley, Pennington and Rands (eds. 1. endobj This book provides convincing evidence that the Americas were settled far earlier than thought and that the earliest inhabitants probably came from Africa." Gregory Little Ph.D. author of The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Native American Mounds & Earthworks Read more Print length 374 pages Language English Publisher AuthorHouse Publication date Book excerpt: Examines cultural analogies between Native Americans and Africans, offering evidence of the presence of African explorers in the New World centuries before the arrival of Columbus. This book was released on 2003-09-23 with total page 358 pages. The currents off Africa serve as veritable conveyor belts to the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico and the northeastern corner of South America. In his. A bird with a human head also appears in a relief from Izapa, Mexico; Jairazbhoy also shows remarkable similarities between several gods in the Egyptian underworld and those of Olmec Mexico. For example, there are hand-shaped incense spoons found in Olmec sites that are almost identical to their Eyptian counterparts and have similar names. JFIF ` ` C In Egypt there are numerous sculptures depicting four figurines symbolically holding up the sky. CAPE EVIDENCE OF WEST AFRICAN MOVEMENTS TO THE AMERICAS LESSON 2. 2 0 obj on January 27, 2020, There are no reviews yet. Face of Afro-Olmec child carved on the waste "belt" of an Olmec ballplayer, Back to Historical Views | AfricaSpeaks.com, Check for historical references and literature, THE VANISHING EVIDENCE OF CLASSICAL AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS. He attended Princeton University and lectured at more than 100 colleges and universities. or Were the ancient Turks, Akkads (Sumerians) and Dravidians (Tamils) the parents of Mexico and Meso-America, Magicians of the Gods by Graham Hancock (2015), Robbing Native American Cultures: Van Sertima's Afrocentricity and the Olmecs, ANCIENT INDIAN RELIGION CHAPTER 4 PART 4 ANCIENT INDIA APN, The Dragon and the Serpent: Quetzalcoatl, the Lng of China and the Serpent of Wisdom, Extended-Plasma-Electromagnetic Cosmology (EPEMC, Afrocentric World Black Greeks Ancient Libyco-Berber Writing More Information on the Afrocentric World, Olmec (Mande) Loan Words in the Mayan, Mixe-Zoque and Taino Languages. Africa and the Discovery of America - A 1920 Review from the Journal Of Negro History," Leo Weiner, p 164-168. . Readings - African Presence in Early America, "Leo Weiner, A Plea For Reexamination," David J.M. The New York African Burial Ground reports. This presence has always been a test case of the nation's claims to freedom, democracy, equality, the inclusiveness of all."[4] African-American literature explores the issues of freedom and equality long denied to Blacks in As in Darien, these Africans were also captives of war among the native Americans. Marquez, adds that [s]everal isolated but concordant facts permit the conjecture that before the formation and development of the three great ethnographic groupsa great part of Amcerica was occupied by [the] Negroid type.12. File, Mesoamerica was yet another world location for the emergence of an early civilization, but Mesoamerican societies were not necessarily connected to a single famous river (like the Nile) as the other early civilizations were, though there were plenty of rivers in the New World. Bound for the Promised Land: Harriet Tubman: Portrait of an American Hero by Kate Clifford Larson 9.99; Black Athena revisited 15.99; A Kid's Guide to African American History: More than 70 Activities (A Kid's Guide series) 7.99; To move a continent : Kwame Nkrumah's role in African affairs, 1957-1966 9.99 This analysis explores the various claims made and further discusses whether or not Van Sertima and Afro-centrists have any quantifiable/verifiable evidence to support the "Black America" hypothesis. Olmecian and Egyptian pyramids were both placed on the same north-south axis and had strikingly similar construction methods. Atlantic Africa and the Spanish Caribbean The case for African contacts with pre-Columbian America, in spite of a number of understandable gaps and a few minor elements of contestable data, is no longer based on the fanciful conjecture and speculation of romantics. In America we have no antecedents for the construction of pyramids, for example, whereas there is a clear series of evolving steps and stages [in pyramid building] in the Egypto-Nubian world.39, Van Sertima asks, Where do the first miniature step pyramid and the first manmade mountain or conical pyramid appear in America? Pdf_module_version 0.0.19 Ppi 300 Republisher_date 20200128192458 Republisher_operator associate-jessa-lubiano@archive.org Republisher_time 504 Scandate 20200128085733 Scanner station39.cebu.archive.org Scanningcenter 128 views, 4 likes, 4 loves, 54 comments, 6 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Williams Chapel Church: Williams Chapel Church was live. AFRICA & ANCIENT IRELAND AFRICA TO IBERIA, At fourth grade, African-American boys score about 30 points lower than white boys and the gap increases to close to 40 points by eighth grade. ), Marco Merlini, Neo-Eneolithic Literacy in Southeastern Europe: an Inquiry into the Danube, Biblioteca Brukenthal XXXIII, Ministery of Culture of Romania and Brukenthal National Museum, Editura Altip, Alba Iulia, Ningishzidda and Ishkur - The Anunnaki connections between Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Mesoamerica, Analysis of Ivan Van Sertima's Afrocentric claims on Mesoamerica, An Unofficial History of Dravidian Writing, Olmec Origins: A Look Into Their Cosmopolitan Origins, 13 clyde winters An Unofficial History of Dravidian Writing HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION revised, Black Warrior Dynasty: Afrocentricity and the New World, They Were Not Here Before Columbus: Afrocentricity in the 1990's, Unboxing Atlantis A top-down review of what we know, and don't know, about the Atlantean through Megalithic Period continents and cities; 36,000 -2,000 YBP, An Indelible Imprint of Literacy: The Olmec and African Presence in Pre-Columbian America (2007), How Drawing Becomes Writing: Proto-Orthography in the Codex Borbonicus, Sex in the Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, The dravidian and mayan relation ship a comparisonWho Brought The Mayans To Mexico? In the last twenty or thirty years several discoveries have rewritten the " possibility' of Atlantis and called into question the archaeological lock-out of the topic of submerged and lost/hidden lands. Ancient African historian Professor Van Sertima has illustrated how Olmecs were the first Mesoamerican civilization to use a written language, sophisticated astronomy, arts and mathematics and they built the first cities in Mexico, all of which greatly influenced the Mayans and subsequent civilizations in the Americas. Villacorta, has written: Any way you view it, Mexican civilization had its origin in Africa.14 Finally, historian Orozco y Berra declared in his History of the Conquest of Mexico, that there was, unquestionably, a significant, ongoing, and intimate pre-Columbian relationship between Mexicans and Africans.15. I reflected that there had undoubtedly been Blacks in this country and this had been in the first epoch of the world. But, in the words of Van Sertima, proof of contact is only half of the story. A PRELIMINARY GLOBAL AFRICAN PRESENCE BOOK LIST Compiled and posted by RUNOKO RASHIDI ***DEDICATED TO DR. JOHN HENRIK CLARKE (1915-1998)*** Akbar, Na'im. %%O J8J:=t6gIg&K:L u'6KBDPgTHDIDI5o5$\3Q3J5h5$]fKF]QJF(I%J8Jf+#Z(iW&V2]Tw5i[$]jV$rYftqAAVrb9gXP:*]]`gea?XQ$ . AFRICA & ANCIENT IRELAND AFRICA TO IBERIA, be revised before people could look again at the hypothesis of an African presence in early America. A bird with a human head also appears in a relief from Izapa, Mexico;37 and Mexican sarcophagi leave an opening in the tomb as do the Egyptians, for the birds escape from the dead.38, Jairazbhoy also shows remarkable similarities between several gods in the Egyptian underworld and those of Olmec Mexico. The Indus Valley civilization was at its height from about 2200 B.C.E. $ 14.29 - $ 27.29. We cannot of course reproach the author with what he could not know in 1976. In recent times, it has been common to associate Latinos with the . to the African continent and its inhabitants, reinforced by Renaissance ideas and conditions. In the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) founded by Kubilai Khan, the Black presence is visible in a number of notable paintings. If you wish to use copyrighted material for purposes other than "fair use" you must request permission from the The original Olmecs were Native Americans who were very probably colonized and acculturated by Africans who settled their homeland. In September 1513, Vasco Nunez de Balboa led his men down the slopes of Quarequa, which was near Darien, now called Panama, where they saw several Black men, who were captured by native Americans. The original source of this article is Global Research. The ink of a scholar's pen is holier than the blood of the martyr. How central the role was that African Americans played has never been completely told and, unfortunately, a pivotal part of that history has been excluded from this exhibit. 1 0 obj Pope Melchaides (311-314, sometimes known as Meltiades) was persecuted prior to his reign as pope. All these religious similarities are too large and occur far too often to be mere coincidences. African Muslims were an integral part of creating America from mapping its borders to fighting against British rule. numerous successful modern attempts have illustrated that without an oar, rudder or sail ancient African boats, including the dug-out, would certainly have been able to cross the vast ocean in a matter of weeks. His research also discussed the early African . Revised Edition II, 2018. One can only wonder how Columbus could have discovered America when people were watching him from Americas shores? Uploaded by cit., p.65. Presents skeletal evidence from studies by craniologist Andrzej Weircinski which reveal a clear presence of Africanoid skulls from Olmec B.C.E. Privateering, colonial expansion and the African presence in Early Anglo-Dutch Settlements 2. Van Sertima states that what clinches the argument for the African presence in early (pre-Columbian) America are the skulls and skeletons of African people that were found on the ancient Olmec site. There is now undisputed scientific proof that the first Americans were descended from Africans or Australian aborigines, according to evidence in a new BBC documentary. Part I. I have never claimed, writes Van Sertima, that Africans created or founded the Olmec civilizationThey left a significant influence upon itand that is more than can be said of any other Old World group visiting the native American or emigrating to the continent before Columbus., A study of the Olmec civilization reveals elements that are remarkably similar to the ritual traits and techniques in the Egypto-Nubian world of the same period. except a strong Negroid substratum connected with the Magicians [Olmecs]., Any objective analysis of the evidence clearly shows that Black people reached the Americas thousands of years before Columbus. We will keep fighting for all libraries - stand with us! Edited by Ivan Van Sertima, pp. except a strong Negroid substratum connected with the Magicians [Olmecs].27 Finally, in February of 1975, a team from the Smithsonian Institute reported the discovery of two Negroid male skeletons in a grave in the U.S. Virgin Islands. He was visiting professor at Princeton University and lectured at more than one hundred colleges and universities. AFRICA & ANCIENT IRELAND AFRICA TO IBERIA, United States guidelines Step-by-step Tutorials, Michael brown processus de la presence pdf, the presence of the past rupert sheldrake pdf, Introduction dun document comme preuve en labsence de lauteur, Cisco telepresence conductor administrator guide, Gc 178 leave application and absence report. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. The same is true for studies of the African diaspora, but that does not mean that African migration lacks significance in either field. Marquez, adds that [s]everal isolated but concordant facts permit the conjecture that before the formation and development of the three great ethnographic groupsa great part of Amcerica was occupied by [the] Negroid type., The oldest inhabitants of Mexico, according to some, were Negroes, and according to others, the Otomies. To acknowledge the Olmecs and their civilization as the Mother Civilization of Mesoamerica means to acknowledge that they preceded that of the Mayans and Aztecs, whose heritage the Spaniards tried to eradicate and Mexicans today are proud of.47, In a world accustomed to suppressing, distorting, ignoring or denying the achievements of Black Africans it is difficult to accept the historical paradigm shift mandated by the evidence presented here. Loewen, James A. and the Mandingo-Songhay trading voyages (from early fourteenth to late fifteenth century). He furthermore cites a document of Francisco Nunez Vega (1691), who describes an ancient calendar found in Chiapas that mentions seven negritos representing the seven planets.9. On Monday [October 13 2014], Americas government offices, businesses, and banks all grind to a halt in order to commemorate Columbus Day. Villacorta, has written: Any way you view it, Mexican civilization had its origin in Africa., Cleared of the surrounding earth, it [the colossal head] presented an awe-inspiring spectacle. Scientific analysis of the surrounding soil suggests that the skeletons date back to about 1250 A.D.28, Any objective analysis of the evidence clearly shows that Black people reached the Americas thousands of years before Columbus. Africa and Latin America have the potential to deal with the problems thrown . many african americans only obsess over egypt because its a way to counter the. African explorers crossing the vast Atlantic waters in primitive boats may seem unlikely, or perhaps, far fetched to some. villages, no pyramid appears until much later.. Visions for Black Men Nashville: Winston-Derek, 1991. FINAL CALL DEPOPULATION SECTION NOVEMBER 8, 2022, FINAL CALL DEPOPULATION SECTION NOVEMBER 15, 2022, FINAL CALL DEPOPULATION SECTION NOVEMBER 22, 2022, http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/news/3774/did-australian-aborigines-reach-america-first, Listen to Dr. Leonard Barrett speak on the Jewish role in the slave trade. <> The Olmec an African Presence in Early America 1940 excavation of a thousand-year-old Olmec site near Veracruz. Students should have an understanding of their agricultural, economic and . This also holds true for large sections of Mesoamerica and far into South America Panama, Columbia, Ecuador, and Peru22 For years the Diego Rivera Museum of Mexico housed the Alexander von Wuthenau Collection of remarkable figurines depicting Black priests, chiefs, dancers, wrestlers, drummers, and others across the social spectrum. 366A High Road. He is the author or editor of eighteen books, the most recent of which . <> Collosal head of Afro-Olmec (Xi) warrior-king, circa 1100 B.C. In an oral tradition recorded in the Titulo Coyoi, a major document of the Maya, the parasol is specifically mentioned as having been brought to the New World by foreigners who traveled by sea from the east.36, The Indian scholar, Rafique Jairazbhoy, has studied the ancient Egyptians and the Olmecs in great detail and has pointed to many other ritual parallels between the two groups. Yurugu: An African-Centered Critique of European Cultural Thought and Behavior Trenton: Africa World Press, 1994. The Africans Who Discovered America Thousands Of Years African Presence in Ancient America before Columbus YouTube, Analyzing early modern Iberia, Africa, and Latin America as aspects of a single, unified (73), Wheat traces how developments in one area reverberated in the others. The New York Times has stated that this long awaited monument to centuries of African American suffering and triumphs makes a powerful declaration: The African-American story is a central part of the American story.. The following is recorded in Raccolta, part I, volume I: Columbus wanted to find out what the Indians of Espanola had told him, that had come from the south and southeast, [N]egro people who brought those spear points made of a metal which they call guanin, of which he had sent samples to the king and queen for assay and which was found to have 32 parts 18 of gold, 6 of silver, and 8 of copper.1 Curious about the validity of this story, Columbus did indeed send samples of these spears back on a mail ship to Spain to be examined, and it was found that the ratio of properties of gold, copper, and silver alloy were identical to the spears then being forged in African Guinea.2, In a book on the life of Columbus, his son, Ferdinand, reported that his father saw Black people himself when he reached the region just north of the country today called Honduras. The strongest evidence of African presence in America before Columbus comes from the pen of Columbus himself. Historian Nicholas Leon was of a similar opinion: The oldest inhabitants of Mexico, according to some, were Negroes, and according to others, the Otomies. An examination of this artwork, wrote Van Sertima, reveals the unmistakable combination of the kinky hair, broad nose, generous lips, frequency of prognathism (projecting jaws), occasional goatee beard, and sometimes distinctly African ear pendants, hairstyles, tattoo markings, and coloration.23, Author David Imhotep cites a number of scientists and scholars who have identified prehistoric skulls and skeletons of Black people of the Austro-Negrito type, dating back to as early as 56,000 years ago, throughout the New World.24 This appears to be substantiated by more recent discoveries.25, Our focus here, however, is on the Negroid skulls and skeletons that have been discovered at ancient and medieval New World sites. Not mean that African migration lacks significance in either field Western Europe because its a to. 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