Such extensive industrial uses of CP further confirms the holistic significance of this nontoxic wonder herb (Jalwal etal., 2016). The CP herb has also been used as a phyto-ingredient of a polyherbal medicinal formulation: Sankhahauli, which contains leaves of C. prostratus (15 g); seeds of Piper nigrum (3 g) and Papaver somniferum (20 g); whole plant of Prunus amygdalus (10 g), Vitis vinifera (20 g) and Coriandrum sativum (10 g). (2013). Additionally, the fundamental principle responsible for the cardio-vascular activity of this herb has been proposed to be linked with it alkaloid derivative, evolvine hydrochloride, which is known to exhibit lobeline-like action on the cardiovascular system. Nootropic herbs (Medhya Rasayana) in Ayurveda: an update, Development of high performance thin layer chromatography method for the determination of scopolin in convolvulus pluricaulis chois, Hypolipidemic effect of Convolvulus microphyllus in cholesterol fed gerbils (Meriones hurrinae Jerdon), Nootropic, anxiolytic and CNS-depressant studies on different plant sources of shankhpushpi. Johnson C. D., Barlow-Anacker A. J., Pierre J. F., Touw K., Erickson C. S., Furness J. B., Prasad S., Reuter S., Kannappan R., R Yadav V., Park B., et al. An update on Shankhpushpi, a cognition-boosting Ayurvedic medicine. (A) Neuro-mechanistic aspects of Convolvulus prostratus (CP). The use of herbal medicines continues to escalate rapidly with about 70% of the world population still relying upon traditional medicines for their primary healthcare needs. Before It ultimately acts as a sedative moiety which initiates a persistent fall in blood pressure and cardiac contraction, thereby managing neurological pathologies, such as anxiety, insanity and epilepsy (Chaudhary, 1996). . ) (Siddiqui etal., 2014). Other collections of pictures from Qatar: Full names, synonyms, and classification of plants were found online from catalogueoflife.org and theplantlist.org Furthermore, no inflammation was observed in the heart and liver (Ravichandra etal., 2013). Adams M., Gmnder F., Hamburger M. (2007). CP also removes the excessive calcification formed at the cranio-cervical junction (F). Vossel K. A., Zhang K., Brodbeck J., Daub A. C., Sharma P., Finkbeiner S., et al. (2011). CP extract also posed evident anti-oxidant activity and elevated the levels of glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione within the cortex and hippocampus (Kaushik, 2017). Anti-nociceptive effect of 7-methoxy coumarin from Eupatorium Triplinerve vahl (Asteraceae), Medicinal plants: chemistry and properties, A selection of prime Ayurvedic plant drugs, Screening for antidepressant-like activity of Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy in mice. Sign in|Report Abuse|Print Page|Powered By Google Sites. (2012). According to the ancient literature, this herb has been attributed with several therapeutic properties, such as anxiolytic, neuroprotective, antioxidant, analgesic, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and cardioprotective activities. Table 2 The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Amin H., Sharma R., Vyas M., Prajapati P. K., Dhiman K. (2014). Why restricted in posting only one image? One such example is Convolvulus prostratus Forssk. CP plant also contains other alkaloids (convolamine, convosine, convoline, convolidine, convolvine, confoline, evolvine, phyllabine, subhirsine, sankhpuspine) (Agarwa etal., 2014; Balaji etal., 2014); anthroquinones; carbohydrates (D-glucose, sucrose, rhamnose, maltose) (Dhingra and Valecha, 2007; Bhowmik etal., 2012; Agarwa etal., 2014); coumarins (ayapanin, scopolin, scopoletin); flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin) (Lal, 2014); glycosides (geranilan-3-ol-1-carboxylate-1-O--D-xylopyranosyl-(21)-O--D-xylopyranoside (Sultana etal., 2018); phenolic compounds; steroids; tannins; and terpenoids (Ravichandra etal., 2013; Agarwa etal., 2014; Balaji etal., 2014; Malik etal., 2016). Arab. Prats E., Bazzalo M. E., Len A., Jorrn J. V. (2006). For better viewing of species' pages, colour scheme & formatting is being followed as: Species- Ferns (families, genera, species), Species- Fungi (Phylum, Class, Family, Genus, Species), Species- others (families, genera, species), Convolvulaceae Week: Convolvulus prostratus from Delhi, Convolvulus prostratus..Indira Park,Ambala cantt,dated 26th april 2013. Shankhapushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy): Validation of the Ayurvedic therapeutic claims through contemporary studies. Moreover, an alkaloid, namely, convolvine present in this herb has also been found to block cholinergic muscarinic receptors: M2 and M4. National Library of Medicine More specifically, a compound, namely, 29-oxodotriacontanol, isolated from the CP herb has also been assessed to possess antimicrobial and anti-fungal activity (Amin etal., 2014). The histopathology of brain also did not show any aberrations or degeneration of neurons. Hence, natural compounds serve as the holistic option which act on multiple neural targets and are enriched with free radical scavenging polyphenolic compounds (Park etal., 2018). Ethnomedicinal uses of Convolvulus prostratus (CP) with predominant plant parts and mode of herbal preparation. 1 post by 1 author. PT analyzed the information, generated the artwork, and co-wrote the manuscript. Secondly, the muscarinic receptors bind to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, thereby facilitating the transmission of electrical signals within the central nervous system (Brown, 2018). Supplementation of Convolvulus pluricaulis attenuates scopolamine-induced increased tau and Amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression in rat brain. 203. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Plants traditionally used in age related brain disordersA survey of ethnobotanical literature. Doha 2012, Flora of Qatar, Volume II: The Monocotyledons, Illustrated Checklist of the Flora of Qatar.
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. It is estimated that by next decade, mental and behavioural disorders will lead to a reduction in the average life expectancy, nearly by one-fifth proportion (Lopez and Murray, 1998). (2010). Similarly, in Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) analysis, aqueous CP extract has been found to be potentially active with anti-oxidant capacity of 460 8 ascorbic acid equivalent/mg of the extract (Jain etal., 2011). A few examples of such marketed herbal pharmaceutical formulations include Patanjali Divya Shankhpushpi Churna, Divya Pharmacy Shankhpushpi Sharbat, Baidyanath Shankhpushpi Sharbat, Dabur Shankhpushpi Syrup, Biotrex Shankhpushpi, Maxmind capsule, Herbal Hills Shankhpushpi Tablets and many more (Bhowmik etal., 2012). 2009, Ali Al-Rawi, Flowering plants of Kuwait, 1985, Flora of Eastern Saudi Arabia by Rain and Dust at Flickr. Catalogue of Life GRIN The Plant List 1 The Plant List 2Flora of PakistanFlowers of India India Biodiversity Portal Shankhahulli Herb, Benefits, Information Herbal Monograph. (2001).
Current Limitations in the Treatment of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Diseases: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspective of Polymeric Carriers, Medicinal plants: Utilization and conservation. For any mistake in identification or for becomingefloraofindia e-groupmember (for contributingtowards building of efloraofindia or otherwise), pl.
In another similar experiment, the aqueous extract of the CP leaves and flowers showed an evident barbiturate hypnosis potentiation in albino rats at a dose of 300 mg/Kg (Mudgal, 1975). -Sitosterol induces anti-proliferation and apoptosis in human leukemic U937 cells through activation of caspase-3 and induction of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, Multiple Bioactivities of Traditional Medicinal Herbs for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medicinal significance, pharmacological activities, and analytical aspects of anthocyanidins delphinidin': A concise report. Jain A., Kaur J., Bansal Y., Saini B., Bansal G. (2017). In the pharmaceutical industry, various extracts, syrups and tablets are produced, specifically for targeting neurodegenerative diseases, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and gastric ulcers. Moreover, treatment with alcoholic extract of CP plant led to an increase in the average time-span spent by mice in the enclosed arm of plus maze model, and an escalation in the mean avoidance response on the jumping box model (Rawat and Kothiyal, 2011). Additionally, food grade CP powder and syrups are also available in the market for being used as a nutraceutical nootropic supplement, for example, Divya Pharmacy Shankhpushpi Sharbat, Baidyanath Shankhpushpi Sharbat, Shivalik Herbals Shankhpushpi Nutraceutical Capsules and Veg E Wagon Shankhpushpi Powder (Bhowmik etal., 2012). Park C., Moon D. O., Rhu C. H., Choi B. T., Lee W. H., Kim G. Y., et al.
We are also thankful to Mr. Gagan Kumar and Mr. Lalit Mohan for their swift administrative supports and encouragements. Despite of such elaborative preclinical pharmacological profile, detailed clinical investigations and mechanistic mode-of-action studies of this important herb are yet to be executed. CP reduces the lesions formed in the hippocampus (A); and amyloid plaque accumulation in hippocampus (A), cortex (P), basal ganglia (M) and cerebellum (E). aegypt.-arab.
Moreover, the foresaid neuropathological conditions are manifested with several additional etiologies, wherein the chemotherapeutic modalities act typically on a single target, thereby providing only palliative care (Chen and Pan, 2014). In Ayurveda, this herb is classically described as a memory and intellect booster. Moreover, the CP powder and juice, such as, Jain Shankhpushpi Powder and Axiom Jeevan Ras Shankhpushpi Juice, are also being used as skin mask for rejuvenating the skin and managing skin problems such as acne, blemishes and sun spots (Hindu, 2012). using a. All the above mentioned ethnomedicinal uses of C. prostratus have been tabulated in for a possibility to participate in their field excursions and to learn about local nature. Sultana S., Ali M., Mir S. R., Iqbal D. (2018). Convolvulus prostratus (Convolvulus Pluricaulis[1]) is an herb found in India and Burma that is used in Ayurveda. Antioxidant markers based TLC-DPPH differentiation on four commercialized botanical sources of Shankhpushpi (A Medhya Rasayana): A preliminary assessment. 3). Certain flavonoids and phenyl-propanoids from CP have been shown to provide anti-platelet aggregation and anti-ulcerogenic activity by means of inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase enzyme and clot retraction capabilities (Beretz and Cazenave, 1991; Tognolini etal., 2006). Hence, the CP herb may aid in ameliorating the conditions of neuro-inflammation and consequent cognitive impairment. A. The CP also acts as GABA-A agonists and binds to lateral prefrontal cortex (O) and anterior cingulate cortex (N). Nanoparticle-mediated brain drug delivery: overcoming bloodbrain barrier to treat neurodegenerative diseases, Phytopharmacology of Indian Nootropic Convolvulus pluricaulis, Pharmacotherapeutic Potential of Natural Products in Neurological Disorders. Besides, this plant has manifold therapeutic utilities, wherein, a decoction of its shoots is used as a remedy for anaemia and weakness (Singh etal., 2003). In another study, CP methanolic extract was evaluated for anxiolytic activity on Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (OCDs) in mice by employing marble burying behaviour analysis, hole board and rota-rod tests. Ch., Ramanamam V., Ram S. S., Sudershan M., et al. f. & Thomson, Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. CP herb is known to contain alkaloids (convolamine and scopoletin), flavonoids (kaempferol), and steroids (phytosterol and -sitosterol). CP blocks the excessive production of dopamine as produced via substantia nigra (D). One such cognitive booster herb is C. prostratus Forssk., commonly known as Shankhpushpi, which is mainly endowed with neuroprotective, nootropic and neuro-modulatory activities (
In Indian medicinal system Ayurveda it is named as Shankhpushpi. Table 2 John Norton et al. Neuropharmacological profile of extracts of aerial parts of Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy in mice model. It has been studied for use as anticonvulsant with mixed results.[3]. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in developing countries: a symposium report, Radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities of Convolvulus microphyllus. Gupta M. B., Nath R., Srivastava N., Shanker K., Kishor K., Bhargava K. P. (1980). Ultimately, the bioavailability of these drugs becomes low and therefore, lead to below- optimal efficacies (Tonda-Turo etal., 2018). Review of possible mechanisms of analgesic effect of herbs and herbal active ingredient. Swain S. S., Rout K. K., Chand P. K. (2012). Shankhpushpi also demonstrated a thyroid suppressing effect when administered (at 0.4 mg/kg) to mice with hyperthyroidism. Interestingly, the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the CP aerial parts showed statistical significant potentiation of sleeping time in rats induced with thiopental sodium (Siddiqui etal., 2014). It has also been observed that the ethyl acetate and methanolic extract of CP have shown appreciable results (IC50 ~ 0.07 mg/mL and 0.075 mg/mL, respectively), as observed in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Reported mechanisms of CNS action of CP phyto-constituents has been depicted in these schematics, with putative site of action has been marked with fluorescent green blobs. Quintans Jnior L. J., Almeida J. R., Lima J. T., Nunes X. P., Siqueira J. S., Oliveira L. E. G. D., et al. EPM test has mainly been used to investigate the interactions between aversive memory and anxiety responses of the mice. The present review is attempted to showcase the phytochemical profile, pharmacological attributes and medicinal information of C. prostratus; with comprehensive research gap analysis. Chemical composition, antioxidant potential, macromolecule damage and neuroprotective activity of Convolvulus pluricaulis, Anticonvulsant activity of Shankhapuspi (Convolvulus pluricaulis Chois) on Strychnine induced seizure in experimental animals. Rathee P., Chaudhary H., Rathee S., Rathee D., Kumar V., Kohli K. (2009). 7), Regulation of neural ion channels by muscarinic receptors, The human brain book: An illustrated guide to its structure, function, and disorders. Tau reduction prevents A-induced defects in axonal transport. The most common disorders of the nervous system are schizophrenia (~ 40% prevalence in India) and epilepsy (~ 45% prevalence in India), which are clinically presented by dysfunction of the interneurons, misbalancing neuronal homeostasis, ultimately leading to neurophysiological disintegration (Gururaj etal., 2005). (Syn. Table 1 official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, India. Derivatives of the alkaloid convolvine and their pharmacological activity, Ayurvedic pharmacology & therapeutic uses of medicinal plants, Epidemiology of neurological disorders in India: Review of background, prevalence and incidence of epilepsy, stroke, Parkinson's disease and tremors. Cognitive dysfunction is one of the major health problem in today's world, wherein the available synthetic chemotherapeutic modalities have proven to be non-absolute and, at times toxic in nature. Dubey S. K., Singhvi G., Krishna K. V., Agnihotri T., Saha R. N., Gupta G. (2018). The CP ethanolic extract has exhibited spasmolytic activity in isolated rabbit ileum, isolated rat uterus, intact intestine and tracheal muscles of dog (Barar and Sharma, 1965). Biochem, AMPK activation reduces hepatic lipid content by increasing fat oxidation, The sodium-potassium pump is an information processing element in brain computation. It is hoped that the scientific update on the ethnomedicinal aspects of this herb would thrive research propagation and development of the CNS phytopharmaceuticals, originated from C. prostratus. The polyphenols present in this species act as reactive oxygen species (ROS) quenchers, thereby ameliorating the oxidative stress that is generated as a diabetic manifestation. Among these phytoconstituents, certain compounds are known to be present at a higher concentration (almost 20% w/w) and are known as major phyto-constituents.
Moreover, it has also been proposed that the anti-convulsant activity of a phyto-medicine is escalated by the presence of certain functional groups like, quinoline, quinazoline, thiazole, benzothiazines, oxadiazole, pyridine, pyrazole, imidazole, pyrimidine, phthalazine, triazine, triazoles, cyclopropane carboxylate, and oxime ether (Wei etal., 2015; Song and Deng, 2018).
about navigating our updated article layout. The fundamental bioactive compounds responsible for the nootropic activities of this herb have been identified as 4'-methoxy kaempferol, 7-methoxy quercetin, convolamine, scopoletin, ceryl alcohol, -sitosterol and hydroxy-cinnamic acid. Figure 1B
1775. Gapparov A. M., Okhunov I. I., Aripova S. F., Nabiev A., Khuzhaev V. U. Aleebrahim-Dehkordy E., Tamadon M. R., Nasri H., Baradaran A., Nasri P., Beigrezaei S. (2017). Shankhpushpi has been found to help significantly with memory retention. Bhowmik D., Kumar K., Paswan S., Srivatava S., Yadav A., Dutta A. Additionally, the natural compounds, such as flavonoids also aid in modulating the neuronal cell signalling pathways (Solanki etal., 2016). (2014). Five hundred mg/Kg concentration of the CP extracts have shown statistically significant (p < 0.001) protection against strychnine and PTZ induced clonic convulsions (Ratha and Mishra, 2012; Siddiqui etal., 2014). Wang S. B., Jang J. Y., Chae Y. H., Min J. H., Baek J. Y., Kim M., et al. Estimation of elemental concentrations of Indian medicinal plants using Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). and Nardostachys jatamansi (D. Don) DC. A comparative ethno-botanical study of Cholistan (an arid area) and Pothwar (a semi-arid area) of Pakistan for traditional medicines, Attenuating effect of bioactive coumarins from Convolvulus pluricaulis on scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice, ). Furthermore, the aqueous extract of CP roots diminished the endogenous levels of reactive oxygen species in tauopathy flies as induced by overexpression of -protein, thereby substantiating its oxidative stress ameliorative effect (Olakkaran and Antony, 2017). Polyphenols, flavonoids and vitamin E present in the CP plant act as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers and also ameliorate the lipid peroxidation, thereby attributing towards the anti-oxidant activity of CP (Nasri etal., 2015).