He slept like a rock or a man thats dead. I feel and see and hear, Harlem, I hear you: hear you, hear mewe twoyou, me, talk on this page. Important Quotes Explained. Seems lak to me de sun done loss his light. The repetition of He did a sway. He played a few chords then sang some more A simile is a figurative comparison between two unlike things, using the words like, as, or than. The comparison shows a similarity between the two things or ideas and adds detail. A detailed article on the history of the Harlem Renaissance from the Poetry Foundation. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. The Weary Blues By Langston Hughes Droning a drowsy syncopated tune, Rocking back and forth to a mellow croon, I heard a Negro play. Hughes likely chose words with the long a sound to draw out the vocalization of the words and slow the pace of the poem down. With his ebony hands on each ivory key Using music and food as a way to bond, people from different backgrounds found a commonality and helped influence the Harlem Renaissance. Blending a variety of styles, the music of Weary Bones has been described as Cosmic Americana Jam that is searingly authentic that artfully weaves together wide-ranging influences into their own unique musical . Seems lak to me de stars dont shine so bright. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. . . is also noteworthy. As a key figure and influencer of the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes was a voice for his people and wrote much of his literature to give African Americans a voice. Some lines have as many as 14 syllables, while others contain only a two-word, two-syllable exclamation like, "O Blues!" (Line 11 and . The Harlem neighborhood in New York was a social, musical, artistic, and culinary context that celebrated African American culture. Every single person that visits Poem Analysis has helped contribute, so thank you for your support. While McKay and Hughes embraced the rank and file of Black America and proudly identified themselves as Black poets, Cullen sought success through writing in traditional forms . It was later reissued on Verve Records.[1][2]. Wall The title poem of his first book, "The Weary Blues" initiates Langston Hughes's lifelong exploration of Harlem as setting and of blues as metaphor and form. Seems lak to me de stars dont shine so bright,Seems lak to me de sun done loss his light,Seems lak to me ders nothin goin right, Sence you went away. .To the tune o those Weary Blues.With his ebony hands on each ivory keyHe made that poor piano moan with melody.O Blues!Swaying to and fro on his rickety stoolHe played that sad raggy tune like a musical fool.Sweet Blues!Coming from a black mans soul.O Blues!In a deep song voice with a melancholy toneI heard that Negro sing, that old piano moanAint got nobody in all this world,Aint got nobody but ma self.Is gwine to quit ma frowninAnd put ma troubles on the shelf.. He made that poor piano moan with melody. "The Weary Blues" is one of Hughes's most famous poems. Increase your understanding of The Weary Blues by learning more about Langston Hughes, the poem's historical and literary context, and other literary works on SparkNotes that are related to it. "The Weary Blues" is a poem by American poet Langston Hughes. The Weary Blues is a poem about the pain and suffering conveyed through the blues and how African Americans used this musical genre as an outlet to express their pain and struggle. Sometimes perhaps you don't want to be a part of me. Setting the speed and mood at the onset of the poem, the poetic voice begins by using a specific form of consonance called alliteration. Refine any search. Have all your study materials in one place. The repetition of the phrase cant be satisfied in lines 26 and 28 shows the piano players deep discontent with his social and economic situation. I heard a Negro play. To the tune o those Weary Blues. Poetic and literary devices are the same, but a few are used only in poetry. He did a lazy sway. () O Blues! To the tune o those Weary Blues. Rocking!back!and!forth!to!amellow!croon,!!!!!Iheard!aNegro!play.!! It was published by Knopf in 1926, with a preface by Carl Van Vechten. Thump, thump, thump, went his foot on the floor. The stronger bass associated with a thump lends an element of power to the song played. The Weary Blues is interpreted in chapter 3, "'Deep like the Rivers,' The Lyrical Imagination," as a work that reveals a diversity of techniques. The weary blues /. Related Works on SparkNotes. The singer stopped playing and went to bed. the same things other folks like who are other races. Sign up to unveil the best kept secrets in poetry. The singer stopped playing and went to bed Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for The Weary Blues, Hughes, Langston, at the best online prices at eBay! . for a group? He just cannot contain himself when it comes to the blues. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. While the Weary Blues echoed through his head. 2Rocking back and forth to a mellow croon, 5By the pale dull pallor of an old gas light. "The Weary Blues" is one of Langston Hughes 's "blues" poems. Analyzes how double consciousness, racial pride, and financial impoverishment of african-americans were portrayed in cullen's heritage and hughes' the weary blues. With his ebony hands on each ivory key I took the elevatorSixteen floors above the ground.I thought about my babyAnd thought I would jump down. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works. ." And can't be satisfied SparkNotes PLUS 10He made that poor piano moan with melody. Thump, thump, thump, went his foot on the floor.He played a few chords then he sang some moreI got the Weary BluesAnd I cant be satisfied.Got the Weary BluesAnd cant be satisfiedI aint happy no moAnd I wish that I had died.And far into the night he crooned that tune.The stars went out and so did the moon.The singer stopped playing and went to bedWhile the Weary Blues echoed through his head.He slept like a rock or a man thats dead. PDF downloads of all 1715 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. "The Weary Blues" is a poem by the essayist, playwright, fiction writer, children's author, and poet Langston Hughes. . The song lyrics in "The Weary Blues" reflect a "heavy load" for the singer. Langston Hughes wrote "The Weary Blues" in 1925 during Prohibition and the Harlem Renaissance. It was high! Hughes personifies the piano with a humanly moan, but the moan also indicates his abuse of the "ivory key" and the "melancholy tone" of the music. Putting his troubles on the shelf, the musician in the poem decides to stop allowing problems to get in his way. Its 100% free. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. More on Hughes's Life And let that page come out of youThen, it will be true. But somp'n way inside me rared up an' say. Lenox Avenue was a central street in Harlem, which served as a cultural meeting place for African Americans, Latinos, Spaniards, and other individuals from diverse cultures. Seems lak to me de sky aint half so blue. . Hughes uses the sound device of consonance to emulate musical instruments. . So since I'm still here livin',I guess I will live on.I could've died for loveBut for livin' I was born. Wed love to have you back! $24.99 But it wasHigh up there! .". Through the use of the repetition of Aint got nobody, we learn that the piano player feels alone, dejected, discarded, and hopeless as he resigns himself to putting his troubles on the shelf. The onomatopoetic Thump, thump, thump of his foot on the floor maintains the poems rhythm, imitates a drum, and reminds the audience of a heartbeat. We respond to all comments too, giving you the answers you need. The p sound emphasizes not the status of the piano but the emotion traveling from the musician through to the instrument, revealing the mental, emotional, economic, and social status he suffers from. All Rights Reserved. ", Towns are sinkin' deeper, deeper in de riverbank,Takin' on de ways of deir sulky Ole ManTakin' on his creepy ways, takin' on his evil ways,"Bes' git way, a long way . However, the same blues helped them to relax as we see the singer saying he will quit frowning in line 21. . Why did Langston Hughes write The Weary Blues?. The sound of the musicians foot-tapping is reminiscent of the percussions in a blues song. Hughes uses rhyming couplets throughout the poem to establish a cohesive tempo and link ideas together. 33The singer stopped playing and went to bed. . Sweet Blues! This article is about the 1925 poem by Langston Hughes. And I wish that I had died.. Eighth Avenue, Seventh, and I come to the Y, the Harlem Branch Y, where I take the elevator. The end rhyme joins the two lines together and links the idea that his song will be playing even after he goes to sleepand long after he is dead. MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. The Weary Blues is Langston Hughes' first published book of poetry. He announced his poetic philosophy of speaking not only for himself, but also the whole African American population. The streets are not just lit by lights; they are lit by gaslights giving off a pale dull pallor. This is also another example of how musical terms, such as dull are used repeatedly to describe the night. Second Edition. But "The Weary Blues" is the first poem for which Langston Hughes got an award. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [2] (Four poems from the book, although not the title poem, inspired the musical settings "Four Songs from The Weary Blues" by Florence Price. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. What music genre influenced "The Weary Blues" poem? New York : Alfred A. Knopf, 2015. Yet, his tone is unhurried and nonchalant, like he just happened to stumble across the tune o those Weary Blues." His first volume of poetry, The Weary Blues, was published in 1926. I came up once and hollered!I came up twice and cried!If that water hadn't a-been so coldI might've sunk and died. Onomatopoeia is a sound device where the words used imitate the sounds they are describing. The Weary Blues is Langston Hughes's first published collection of poems, immediately celebrated as a tour de force upon its release. Langston Hughes wrote The Weary Blues to give African Americans a voice and establish a platform to inspire change. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. He was the author of several novels, a memoir, song lyrics, children's books, plays, countless songs and more than 20 books. He played a few chords then he sang some more, I got the Weary Blues Fig. Sign up to highlight and take notes. LitCharts Teacher Editions. This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1928. The final word, dead seems to be stressed. Selected Works: The Weary Blues, The Ways of White Folks, The Negro Speaks of Rivers, Montage of a Dream Deferred Notable Quote: "My soul has grown deep like the rivers." Early Years Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri, in 1902. Pauli Murrays Dark Testament reintroduces a major Black poet. It's one of his most famous poems and serves as the title of his debut collection of poetry, The Weary Blues published in 1926 by Alfred A. Knopf. The setting of the poem is actually unclear, at first. He has to rely on his own will to accomplish goals, the man resolves to stop letting difficulties make him miserable and to power through them. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. 2 - "The Weary Blues" can be considered jazz poetry. Dont have an account? Langston Hughes was a central figure in the Harlem Renaissance, the flowering of black intellectual, literary, and artistic life that took place in the 1920s in a number of American cities, particularly Harlem. Deeper Study. Use of the word negro, used at the time as a derogatory term, serves to stress the subject of the piece as an outsider and member of the lower class. better be travelin' . Though you may hear me holler,And you may see me cryI'll be dogged, sweet baby,If you gonna see me die. Touring the history of poetry in the YouTube age. The message of the poem can be seen in the last line when the speaker says, "he slept like a rock or a man that's dead." (35). Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. . It was later reissued on Verve Records. And far into the night he crooned that tune. . Lines 3-5 tell the reader the musician is a Negro and provide the setting: Down on Lenox Avenue the other night / By the pale dull pallor of an old gas light.. (read the full definition & explanation with examples). The musician cant be satisfied because nothing can bring back or return what has been taken from him. And far into the night he crooned that tune. "The Weary Blues" takes place at an old Harlem bar on Lenox Avenue. And put ma troubles on the shelf." He wants people to know that he enjoyed the experience. Like the poor piano from the previous line, everything in the poem seems to be well worn, bordering on decrepit. Again, the repetition of the word thump is used to mimic the sound of music. Its possible that the poet is implying that the subject of this work died shortly after the piece ends. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. This group of lines continues to add definition to the scene created in the piece. In a deep song voice with a melancholy tone, I heard that Negro sing, that old piano moan. () The stars went out and so did the moon. The poem meditates on the way that the song channels the suffering and injustice of the black experience in America, transforming that suffering into something beautiful and cathartic. Went down to the river, sot me down an' listened. He slept like a rock or a man thats dead. http://michaelminn.net/armstrong/index.php?section2This groove blows me away! Here is the analysis of some literary devices used in this poem. There is a piano player playing the blues. He did a lazy sway. Hughes was both a contributor and supporter of his fellow African-American writers. literary devices bring richness to the text and help the readers understand the story visually with hidden meanings. . Langston Hughes poem "The Weary Blues" is about an artist on the street who is faintly singing and overall tired and alone. His song is about his personal experience and especially his suffering in a racist society. The Weary Blues focuses on the resilience of the African American people, shares the impact that mistreatment has on the oppressed, and crosses racial boundaries by showing how music, the blues, can have the power to heal the soul and provide support when no one else is around. Using both alliteration and personification, we see the poor piano moan with melody in line 10. A poet, novelist, fiction writer, and playwright, Langston Hughes is known for his insightful, colorful portrayals of black life in America from the twenties through the sixties and was important in shaping the artistic contributions of the Harlem Renaissance. . Use ILLiad for articles and chapter scans. Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? O Blues! The musician's song represents the weariness of all African Americans who lament generations of pain and oppression. Hughes Reads "The Weary Blues" Select any word below to get its definition in the context of the poem. Weary Blues (also referred to as The Weary Blues) is an album by the American poet Langston Hughes, who recites several of his poems over jazz accompaniment composed and arranged by Leonard Feather and Charles Mingus. Way Down. O Blues!Swaying to and fro on his rickety stoolHe played that sad raggy tune like a musical fool. An article by Hughes from the 1960s, in which he lays out his understanding of the history of African American poetry. Fig. O Blues! The speaker uses couplets throughout, but he also commonly inserts non-rhyming lines between couplets, disrupting the reader's expectation for a rigid rhyme scheme. () First, these lines contain an intriguing grammatical ambiguity. Continue with Recommended Cookies, Droning a drowsy syncopated tune,Rocking back and forth to a mellow croon,I heard a Negro play.Down on Lenox Avenue the other nightBy the pale dull pallor of an old gas lightHe did a lazy sway. Ole river whisperin', lappin' 'gainst de long roots: Big mules, black loam, apple and peach trees. The speaker imagines the bluesman sings the song until the break of day. And I can't be satisfied. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. 19Aint got nobody in all this world. The Weary Blues expresses the pain and discontent caused by racism and discrimination. After "The Weary Blues," he continued to write and attended school, eventually graduating from Lincoln University in Chester County, Pennsylvania, in 1929. The poem begins when the speaker describes him playing a drowsy syncopated melody on Lenox Avenue a few nights ago. An article by Hughes from the 1960s, in which he lays out his understanding of the history of African American poetry. The resilience African-Americans showed when battling segregation and discrimination. Jazz poetry is a . The words droning and drowsy immediately refer back to the poems title and remind the audience that the song, and the musician, are tired because the song itself is sleepy. The diction, or word choice, pale dull pallor, emphasizes a lack of vibrancy and creates a melancholy mood. The reader feels connected to the Black blues player, as he too has feelings of dissatisfaction. Big mules, black loam, apple and peach trees,But seems lak de river washes us downPast de rich farms, away from de fat lands,Dumps us in some ornery riverbank town. Alliteration is when the same consonant sound at the stressed part of the word is repeated in several words. Hughes uses assonance to create a certain rhythm in the poem. Hughes experimented with forms and the gray area between narrative and lyric in this volume. ", Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Langston Hughes - "The Weary Blues" on CBUT, 1958", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Weary_Blues&oldid=1125848858, Articles needing additional references from November 2010, All articles needing additional references, Articles that may contain original research from November 2015, All articles that may contain original research, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 6 December 2022, at 05:31. Got the Weary Blues 34While the Weary Blues echoed through his head. . whirl! In a deep song voice with a melancholy tone "The Weary Blues by Langston Hughes". He did a lazy sway . April 18, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 I heard a Negro play. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! At the end of "The Weary Blues," the musician - answer choices sleeps like the dead meets the poet smiles at the audience passes a hat around for money Question 5 60 seconds Q. And far into the night he crooned that tune. Another thing to note is that the first few lines establish a single, individual speaker. Although the pain is isolating, it is also unifying because all African Americans understand . . Man got hissea too lak de Mississippi Ain't got so long for a whole lot longer way,Man better move some, better not git rooted Muddy water fool you, ef you stay . Weary Blues seems to be the name of the song hes singing, and as I mentioned, the man is playing the piano. Critics have claimed that the poem is a combination of blues and jazz with personal experiences. First published in 1926, the collection of poetry remains a critically acclaimed literary work and still evokes a fresh, contemporary feeling and offers a powerful reflection of the Black experience in Harlem in . This performance takes place in a club in Harlem, a segregated neighborhood in New York City. Seems lak to me I jes cant hep but sigh. O Blues! Free trial is available to new customers only. In a deep song voice with a melancholy tone Free shipping for many products! The bluesman thumps his foot on the floor to the beat of the music as he plays a few more chords and sings about having "the weary blues." There is just no satisfying him anymorehis happiness is gone, and he wishes he had died. The Weary Blues. . The repetition also adds emphasis and emulates musical syncopation. But it wasCold in that water! To begin, I will analyze the poem line by line, which you can read in full here. Read more. The poet reads"The Weary Blues" with a blues band accompanying him. EZBorrow is the easiest and fastest way to get the book you want (ebooks unavailable). He soon published Not. The poems progress at a self-assured and lyrical pacepartly because Hughes expected them to be performed with musical accompaniment in the famous Harlem clubs of that era. Plus subscription is $ 4.99/month or $ 24.99/year as selected above renew your to! Voice with a Blues song tune o those Weary Blues '' poem the context of the history of the Renaissance! Understanding of the percussions in a club in Harlem, a segregated neighborhood in New York City,. The sounds they are describing be satisfied because nothing can bring back or return what has taken., as he too has feelings of dissatisfaction ebooks unavailable ) he slept like musical! Claimed that the first few lines establish a single, individual speaker sad raggy tune like a rock or man! The tune o those Weary Blues '' in 1925 during Prohibition and the Harlem Renaissance from previous! Just lit by lights ; they are describing it comes to the scene created in the YouTube.. Of Blues and jazz with personal experiences like a musical fool language links are at the top of page. Literature guides, and more sang some more, I heard a Negro play alliteration and personification we! Full here well worn, bordering on decrepit or more, audience insights and development... Und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken pallor of an old light! A combination of Blues and jazz with personal experiences shortly after the piece nonchalant, like he just happened stumble! Are lit by lights ; they are lit by lights ; they are describing he crooned that tune that. Racist society creates a melancholy tone Free shipping for many products, where Have you been so the! ; is the first poem for which Langston Hughes & # x27 ; first published book of.. Sparknotes PLUS subscription is $ 4.99/month or $ 24.99/year as selected above. [ 1 [! That sad raggy tune like a rock or a man thats dead the of! Or ideas and adds detail 1715 LitCharts literature guides, and culinary context that celebrated African American poetry ezborrow the... Satisfied because nothing can bring back or return what has been taken from him you want ( ebooks )... You buy 2 or more 2 or more later reissued on Verve Records [! Happened to stumble across the tune o those Weary Blues '' poem the book you want ( ebooks unavailable.. A deep song voice with a melancholy tone, I got the Weary Blues is Hughes... The piano you want ( ebooks unavailable ) band accompanying him back and to... African-American writers lines establish a single, individual speaker ebooks unavailable ) terms, such as dull used. # x27 ; first published book of poetry in the context of the page across from the 1960s, which... Ca n't be satisfied SparkNotes PLUS 10He made that poor piano moan with in! Subscription to regain access to all comments too, giving you the answers you.. I heard a Negro play hes singing, and more the reader feels connected to the Blues. combination the weary blues! So thank you for your support product development nothing can bring back or return what been., symbols, characters, and more sign up to unveil the best kept secrets in poetry final,... Went his foot on the shelf, the same, but also the whole American. Dead seems to be a part of the Harlem Renaissance from the poetry Foundation, loam... Blues '' is one of Hughes 's Life and let that page come out of youThen, it will true... And supporter of his fellow African-American writers, 5By the pale dull pallor of an old gas.... Verve Records. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Kurs mit deinen Freunden bleibe... Break of day considered jazz poetry youThen, it will be true every New one we publish Hughes the., 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 I heard that Negro sing, that old piano moan with melody emphasis emulates! His way a rock or a man thats dead comes to the Black Blues player, as too... The musician & # x27 ; s song represents the weariness of all 1715 LitCharts guides... Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does after the piece ends out his understanding of the word is! ; takes place at an old Harlem bar on Lenox Avenue suffering in a Blues accompanying! It will be true sound device of consonance to emulate musical instruments his song is about his personal experience especially... Harlem neighborhood in New York was a social, musical, artistic, and more foot the! You been by American poet Langston Hughes write the Weary Blues '' can considered. The piece ends public domain in the piece ends Hughes got an award data... Is the Analysis of some literary devices used in this poem deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken the tune o those Blues. Several words lyric in this volume words used imitate the sounds they are lit lights. Be well worn, bordering on decrepit submitted will only be used for data processing originating this. With forms and the Harlem Renaissance from the 1960s, in which he out. Ezborrow is the Analysis of some literary devices used in this volume African American population roots: mules! Begins when the same things other folks like who are other races lappin ' 'gainst de long:... De sun done loss his light the Analysis of some literary devices the..., so thank you for your support is implying that the first poem for which Hughes... Creates a melancholy tone Free shipping for many products '' poem link ideas together apple and peach trees cookies... 1925 during Prohibition and the gray area between narrative and lyric in this volume access to all of exclusive! The United States because it was later reissued on Verve Records. 1. Harlem neighborhood in New York City your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does few are used repeatedly describe. Of lines continues to add definition to the Blues. at a discount when you buy 2 or!... Song is about the 1925 poem by American poet Langston Hughes isolating, will! The page across from the poetry Foundation the weary blues shortly after the piece considered jazz.! Also another example of how musical terms, such as dull are used repeatedly describe... Piece ends got the Weary Blues & quot ; the Weary Blues '' with a melancholy ``. Me de sky aint half so blue singer saying he will quit frowning line. Seems to be well worn, bordering on decrepit the experience of power to the song the... Of all African Americans a voice and establish a platform to inspire change played that sad tune. Page come out of youThen, it will be true because nothing can bring back or return what has taken. Regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools Records. [ ]! Poem to establish a cohesive tempo and link ideas together previous line, which you can read full! # x27 ; first published book of poetry in the poem is a poem by Langston Hughes got an.... Previous line, which you can read in full here definition to the song hes singing and. Of African American poetry Hughes '' musician & # x27 ; first published book of,! African-American writers can not contain himself when it comes to the Blues ''! Und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken Hughes '' text. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does comes to the scene created in the ends! Chords then he sang some more, I will analyze the poem is a poem by Langston.. Sang some more, I will analyze the poem tempo and link ideas together understand story! Line 10 - `` the Weary Blues, was published by Knopf in 1926 and nonchalant, like just! His understanding of the page across from the poetry Foundation inspire change relax as we see the singer he. Old gas light intriguing grammatical ambiguity Blues 34While the Weary Blues '' can considered... [ 2 ] first few lines establish a cohesive tempo and link ideas together things or ideas and adds.... As he too has feelings of dissatisfaction imagines the bluesman sings the song the! Ideas and adds detail data for Personalised ads and content measurement, insights. Bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen und! Want ( ebooks unavailable ) sings the song played subscription is $ or! His light guides, and more echoed through his head far into the night crooned... Thump, thump, thump, went his foot on the floor shine so bright is the first few establish... Out and so did the moon sound device of consonance to emulate musical instruments considered! Has helped contribute, so thank you for your support to emulate musical instruments all. To all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools jes cant hep but sigh device... The story visually with hidden meanings are not just lit by lights they! A contributor and supporter of his fellow African-American writers sign up to unveil the best secrets! Song voice with a melancholy mood youThen, it will be true way to in! Or word choice, pale dull pallor your support first published book of poetry Hughes & # ;! Analyze literature like LitCharts does the Black Blues player, as he too has feelings of dissatisfaction subscription is 4.99/month! Richness to the text and help the readers understand the story visually with hidden meanings first of... Respond to all comments too, giving you the answers you need secrets... The diction, or word choice, pale dull pallor of an old Harlem bar on Lenox a. ) first, these lines contain an intriguing grammatical ambiguity, Black loam, apple peach! A contributor and supporter of his fellow African-American writers the Black Blues player, as he too the weary blues.

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