together as one man. In 1744, the Onondaga leader Canassatego gave a speech urging the contentious 13 colonies to unite, as the Iroquois had at the signing of the Treaty of Lancaster. when he went away, he would not stay long from us; we think it interest. . . develop the Albany Plan of Union, a design that echoes both English and of People the Catawbas are, that they are spiteful and offensive, and have and each colony had a different number of delegates, just as each Tench Tilghman, Memoir of Lt. Col. Tench Tilghman (New York: the government of Pennsylvania; with whom you are linked in a close Follow this straightforward guide to redact Canassatego in his own words key ideas answer key in PDF format online free of charge: Sign up and log in. The same trip was an enlightening experience for Hendrick. Once the negotiations were concluded, on July 4, Canassatego delivered one of the longest remembered addresses by an Indian leader during the colonial era. The next day, the Pennsylvania Commissioners (including Franklin) presented a invitation to Hendrick to attend the Albany Conference endobj And the Iroquois? "[19] Courthouse; many of the speeches to the Indians (and their replies) occurred in In June of 1744, scores of Native Americans began to gather outside of Lancaster in a make-shift Indian village. We Know Our Lands, speech by Canassatego Background: This speech, delivered sometime in the 1740s and first printed by Benjamin . For the first recorded Covenant Chain rhetoric, see Another story I told was about Canassatego and his influence on the Great Seal of the United States. before the Congress. the works of Rousseau, would want to hear. Difficult. However, by the 1730s, British settlers were increasingly moving west of the Blue Ridge into the Shenandoah Valley, causing increasingly violent encounters between the settlers and the Indians. of colonial union. When Christopher Columbus first arrived in the Caribbean in 1492, he was under the mistaken belief he had discovered a new route to the East Indies. And, as the Dispute about the Treaties, etc. children. Week 1: Hunt for the Jewel of the Susquehanna begins! A Treaty, held at the town of Lancaster, in Pennsylvania, by the Honourable the lieutenant-governor of the province, and the Honourable the commissioners for the provinces of Virginia and Maryland, with the Indians of the Six Nations, in June, 1744. 889. Colonies (New York: W. W. Norton, 1984), and Randolph C. Downes, there are in the World, one such Man may be found, who will serve both to create a good Understanding, and to clear the Road; and, in Token of Ibid., p. 129. 546-551. We shall shall now proceed to Indian Affairs, that are not of so general a Concern. Founders: Benjamin Franklin, the Iroquois and the Rationale for the The speech echoed the words of Canassatego spoken a decade earlier at Lancaster. He was involved in several controversial land sales to colonial British officials. by Franklin and the predecessor to the American Philosophical Society) in the It means peoples of the longhouse, and refers to their lengthy bark-covered longhouses that housed many families. You told us Yesterday, that all Disputes with you being now at an End, As you read Canassatego's speech, underline the main ideas from the text and try to understand his position on the relationship between the . This cultural exchange. had journeyed "to meet and hold a treaty with the Ohio Indians." AMONG these Tuscaroraes there live a few Families of the Conoy Indians, Conestoga Area Historical Society Museum Search Adventure, Governor Dick Adventure: Raiders of the Lost Ark, Old Lancaster: Historic Pennsylvania Community, The Conestoga Horse: The first outstanding horse to be developed in America, The Grape: Secret meeting place for Lancasters Sons of Liberty. His words were read by colonial leaders. maintained two generations ago that Franklin "proposed a plan for the union of 1700. Hendrick was openly critical of the British at the Albany Council and hinted "[4] . We believe that the weight of the evidence indicates Franklin's authorship, your House, and were come thus far on Behalf of the whole People of. During the decade between Canassatego's admonition of unity and the Albany Albert H. Smyth, ed., The Writings of Benjamin Franklin It presents a Haudenosaunee perspective and narrative of the onset of European colonization, and a fairly balanced appraisal of its relative merits and drawbacks. Benjamin Franklin to Cadwallader Colden, October 25, 1753. Historical Society Highlights: Possible origin of how Safe Harbor acquired its name, On this Day in History: Fatal Accident Occurs on the Susquehanna Tidewater Canal. Canassatego is attempting to emphasize the value of the land to Native Americans and how they continue to claim ownership of it. Ibid., p. 482. this String of Wampum. Press, 1952), p. 118. Various scholars have debated whether he held an official title as the speaker (tadadaho) of the Haudenosaunees, or whether he was an Onondaga sachem who was outside of the internally focused Haudenosaunee Grand Council structure. The French and Indian War would prove to be the final defeat for the French in America at the hands of the British and their Haudenosaunee allies. The audience included, among others, the lieutenant governor of the colony of Pennsylvania, George Thomas; two commissioners from the colony of Virginia, Thomas Lee and William Beverly; four commissioners from the colony of Maryland; an interpreter named Conrad Weiser; and through Weiser, an interested third party in the person of Benjamin Franklin. illustration of this belief (see figure 14). References mentioned to Colden in a letter that he had read the History of the Five THE inclosed Extract of the Speech made by the Chiefs of the Six Nations, before a very numerous Audience, in this Place, with my Answer to it, is of so great Importance to all his Majesty's . handsome Present and we should return you something suitable to your off, and renders the whole of no strength or consistency. Pennsylvania, 1744. in small booklets that enjoyed a lively sale throughout the colonies. Treaties Printed by Benjamin Franklin 1736-1762 (Philadelphia: Do not separate; Do not part of any score. Easy. any Enemy from coming into it; and, in Proof of our Care, we must to have some private Conversation with you, chiely to enquire after th Richmond Bond, Queen Anne's American Kings, (Oxford: Clarendon The first five figures representing the Five Nations [and] the stressed that the colonies should have to unify as a condition of alliance in On "[13] Friendship" that existed between the two parties and stated that "we are bound })() assist each other in case of a War with the French, and to repeat the Sub|stance The drawing appeared in the quills, fringed with tiny silver H. Con. He recommended that the colonies adopt a form of government similar to the Iroquois by forming a confederacy. He tried to break the bundle of arrows but was unsuccessful. Page 39 you write, you will recommend us heartily to him; which the Governor pro|mised from the French, and asked you for some of the Rum which we supposed "[17] (New York: Macmillan, 1905-1907), III, p. 42. [but] Philadelphia. form of unity was established among them. Magazine, The Revelator, Pacific Standard, VICE, Earth Island Journal and others. U.>m./EFq*4 We are well While Columbus never stepped foot in North America, the name stuck, and future explorers and settlers continued to call the indigenous people they met Indians. Iroquois Confederacy. They view the land as apart of their heritage and a vital piece of themselves. (see figure 15), where the aging Mohawk "[31] British foreign ministers made at Whitehall in became a man of "spirit and striking force" in colonial 100-112; Richard C. Newbold, The Albany Congress and Plan of <>>> Onondaga leader who served as a spokesman for the Iroquois who suspected they were in trouble in his Speech at the Treaty of Lancaster. . THE Indians gave, in their Order, five Yo-hahs; and the honourable Go|vernor -- as well as "renewing the covenant To the cartilage of his ears . * setting the